1. Write a short note on

a. Swadeshi and boycott movt.

b. Khilafat movt

c. Vernacular press act

d. Ilbert Bill Controversy

e. Rowlatt act

 Swadeshi movt: Swadeshi movement: The term "Swadeshi" means the use of indigenous goods or domestic goods.The concept was used by Mahatma Gandhi to wage non-violent war against the British government. He knew that the main interest of the British in India  was trade. He asked the people to boycott the foreign goods and use the goods made in India.

Rowlatt act: 1. The Rowlatt Act was a law passed by the British in colonial India in March 1919, indefinitely extending "emergency measures" enacted during the First World War in order to control public unrest and root out conspiracy.

2. This act effectively authorized the government to imprison any person for a maximum period of two years, without trial who was suspected of doing terror in the Raj.

Khilafat movement was a movement against the breach of faith by the British. The British had promised to recognise the Ottoman emperor as the Khalifa or the spiritual and temporal head of the Islamic world, in lieu of the support of the Indian Muslims towards the British War efforts. But post war, they breached the promise and dismantled the Khalifa. This had agitated the Muslim intelligentsia. Muhammad Ali, Shaukat Ali, Abdul Kalam Azad and sections of ulama particularly fiom Firangi Mahal, Lucknow, were at this time engaged in the Khilafat agitation. 

But tell me of VERNACULAR PRESS ACT, ILBERT BILL CONTREOVERSY . :)

Vernacular Press Act: Vernacular Press Act, 1878 was a highly controversial measure repressing the freedom of vernacular press.The viceroy Lord Lytton strongly denounced newspapers published in the vernacular languages as "mischievous scribblers preaching open sedition".

BUT WHAT ABOUT ILBERT BILL CONTROVERSY?