Java
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The Kalangs of Java were skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators.
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The Dutch tried to make the Kalangs work under them.
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In 1770, the Kalangs resisted by attacking the fort at Joana.
Bastar Revolt
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Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh.
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The tribals of Bastar show respect to the spirits of the river, the forest, the mountains and the earth.
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The local people look after all their natural resources within their boundary.
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Every year the headmen of villages in a pargana (cluster of villages) meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests.
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The colonial governments proposal of reserving two-thirds of the forest in 1905, and banning shifting cultivation, hunting and collection of forest produce, made the people of Bastar suffer.
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Some villages, called the forest villages, were allowed to stay in the reserved forests if they worked free for the forest department in cutting and transporting trees and protecting the forests from fires.
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In 1910 people revolted against the unjust forest laws.
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Bazaars and houses of the officials and traders were looted, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed and grain was redistributed.
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The British used force for suppressing the rebellion.
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Work on reservation was temporarily suspended and the area to be reserved was reduced roughly half of that planned before 1910.
