brief about the disaster prone zones in India. what were the recent disasters and analize the various mitigation techniques adopted to reduce the impact of these disasters.
Earthquake
landslides
Cyclones and floods
Thiscarries 20 marks
Most of the disasters in India are caused by flood, cyclone, earthquake, landslide, droughts, etc.
1.Earthquakes: The Himalayan regions are prone to earthquakes.The seven north-east states of India, the Andaman & Nicobar islands, six other states in the North/North-west like Bihar,J&K , Uttaranchal, and Gujarat i the Weat are earthquake prone zones.
2.Floods: Floods occur on annual basis in the Indo-Gangetic- Brahmaputra plains.Assam, Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are attacked by floods every year.
3.Cyclones: Cyclones normally hit the regions on the East coast of India along the Bay of Bengal.The states of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal face cyclones annually. Similarly,states like Maharashtra and Gujarat also xperience cyclones as the are situated on the West Coast near the Arabian Sea.
4.Landslides: Landslides are a common phenomenon of the hilly regions of the Himalayas, Nilgiris, Eastern and the Western Ghats.Th incidence of landslides are more in the North east and the North West.
5.Droughts: Drought mainly occur in the dry and arid regions of Rajasthan. It is also common in the states of U.P., M.P. Orissa, Andhra Pradesh.
The recent disasters that occurred in India were the floods and landslides in Uttarkhand in June 2013 which took lives of many people and brought destruction to a huge amount of property.
Following mitigation techniques have been adopted to reduce the impact of the natural disasters in India.
1.Earthquake: Certain long term measures like strict implementation of new building codes, manuals, guidelines etc.Highly seismic zones are taken care of and strict legislation have been made.So far as possible, buildings constructed in the earthquake prone zones are tried to be made earthquake- resistant.Disaster management training has ben made compulsory in architecture, engineering and polytechnic institutions.Moreover certain medium term measures like creating awareness among public, networking local NGO's working on disaster management, preparing disaster related literature in local languages with safety measures generated in construction to reach out to the common people.
2.Landslides: A National Core Group has been formed to draw a strategy and plan for mitigating the risk of landslides.It provides guidance and advise to the government on landslide mitigation,make a survey on activities related to landslides mitigation. Moreover, it also generates warning for landslides in particular areas and suggests necessary steps to be implemented.Even the Geological Survey of India has been working on landslides mitigation in India and try to locate places where probability of landslides increases and generates awareness on further construction on such areas.A surve is also processing to find out the habitation residing in landslide- prone areas.
3.Cyclones: Since it is an annual feature, certain measures like setting up of cyclone warning systems along coastlines by IMD has been implemented.High power cyclone detection radars are also set up in many areas along coastal lines which can detect disturbances within a range of 400 kms. Even ISRO has set up many storm warning receivers along the coasts.these receivers are switched on at the time of crises to generate instructions to common people in local languages.
4.Floods: Recently a Central Task Force has been created to find out causes of floods and erosion in the regions which are flood-prone.National Disaster Risk Management Programme have been initiated in all states.It provides training to the elected representatives in flood mitigation.Construction of embankments in needed areas and awareness of flood is also generated to the habitation close to the river banks.
1.Earthquakes: The Himalayan regions are prone to earthquakes.The seven north-east states of India, the Andaman & Nicobar islands, six other states in the North/North-west like Bihar,J&K , Uttaranchal, and Gujarat i the Weat are earthquake prone zones.
2.Floods: Floods occur on annual basis in the Indo-Gangetic- Brahmaputra plains.Assam, Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are attacked by floods every year.
3.Cyclones: Cyclones normally hit the regions on the East coast of India along the Bay of Bengal.The states of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal face cyclones annually. Similarly,states like Maharashtra and Gujarat also xperience cyclones as the are situated on the West Coast near the Arabian Sea.
4.Landslides: Landslides are a common phenomenon of the hilly regions of the Himalayas, Nilgiris, Eastern and the Western Ghats.Th incidence of landslides are more in the North east and the North West.
5.Droughts: Drought mainly occur in the dry and arid regions of Rajasthan. It is also common in the states of U.P., M.P. Orissa, Andhra Pradesh.
The recent disasters that occurred in India were the floods and landslides in Uttarkhand in June 2013 which took lives of many people and brought destruction to a huge amount of property.
Following mitigation techniques have been adopted to reduce the impact of the natural disasters in India.
1.Earthquake: Certain long term measures like strict implementation of new building codes, manuals, guidelines etc.Highly seismic zones are taken care of and strict legislation have been made.So far as possible, buildings constructed in the earthquake prone zones are tried to be made earthquake- resistant.Disaster management training has ben made compulsory in architecture, engineering and polytechnic institutions.Moreover certain medium term measures like creating awareness among public, networking local NGO's working on disaster management, preparing disaster related literature in local languages with safety measures generated in construction to reach out to the common people.
2.Landslides: A National Core Group has been formed to draw a strategy and plan for mitigating the risk of landslides.It provides guidance and advise to the government on landslide mitigation,make a survey on activities related to landslides mitigation. Moreover, it also generates warning for landslides in particular areas and suggests necessary steps to be implemented.Even the Geological Survey of India has been working on landslides mitigation in India and try to locate places where probability of landslides increases and generates awareness on further construction on such areas.A surve is also processing to find out the habitation residing in landslide- prone areas.
3.Cyclones: Since it is an annual feature, certain measures like setting up of cyclone warning systems along coastlines by IMD has been implemented.High power cyclone detection radars are also set up in many areas along coastal lines which can detect disturbances within a range of 400 kms. Even ISRO has set up many storm warning receivers along the coasts.these receivers are switched on at the time of crises to generate instructions to common people in local languages.
4.Floods: Recently a Central Task Force has been created to find out causes of floods and erosion in the regions which are flood-prone.National Disaster Risk Management Programme have been initiated in all states.It provides training to the elected representatives in flood mitigation.Construction of embankments in needed areas and awareness of flood is also generated to the habitation close to the river banks.