Problems faced in 19th century: the country was overcome by a large scale famine and a number of mills in Bombay and Surat were closed down. For this very reason.
Problems faced in 21st century: the widespread increase in acid rain and environmental pollution is damaging crops which in turn impacts production.
Condition of workers in 19th century: Workers often went on strikes in order to protest for harsh working conditions, long working hours and extremely low wages which were not in par with the increased price rates.
Condition of workers in the 21st century more or less remains the same with gradual improvement. Government institutions have set up regulations and laws in this regard.
The procedure for getting jobs in the textile industry are extremely diverse and vary from company to company. However, if you are a worker, I don 't think any sort of qualification is required.
Here is the information for the remaining points not covered in the above mentioned table