Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They have two membrane coverings; the outer membrane is very porous while the inner one is deeply folded. These folds provide large surface area for ATP generating chemical reactions.
Golgi apparatus is a system of membrane bound vesicles arranged in stacks called Cisterns. Golgi apparatus holds and stores materials made by endoplasmic reticulum and sends it to the necessary sites. It stores, modifies and packages products in its vesicles. Eg.complex sugars are made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus is involved in the formation of Lysosomes.
1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its surface. These ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis. The manufactured proteins are then sent to various places in the cell using endoplasmic reticulum.
2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): It helps in the synthesis of fat molecules or lipids. Some of these lipids and proteins help in building cell membrane (membrane biogenesis). Some other proteins and lipids function as enzymes and hormones. In the liver cells of vertebrate animals SER plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs.
