The new republic faced a number of challenges
The French tried to regain control by using the emperor, Bao Dai, as their puppet.
Faced with the French offensive, the Vietminh were forced to retreat to the hills. After eight years of fighting, the French were defeated in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu.
The Supreme French Commander of the French armies, General Henry Navarre had declared confidently in 1953 that they would soon be victorious.
But on 7 May 1954, the Vietminh annihilated and captured more than 16,000 soldiers of the French Expeditionary Corps.
The entire commanding staff, including a general, 16 colonels and 1,749 officers, were taken prisoner.
In the peace negotiations in Geneva that followed the French defeat, the Vietnamese were persuaded to accept the division of the country.
North and south were split:
Ho Chi Minh and the communists took power in the north while Bao Dai’s regime was put in power in the south.