Explain the election procedure in India?

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 The Parliament of India comprises the head of state — the president of India — and the two Houses which are the legislature. The President of India is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of members of federal and state legislatures. Parliament of India has two chambers. The House of the People (Lok Sabha) has 545 members, 543 members elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies and two members appointed to represent the Anglo-Indian community (as envisaged by the Constitution of India, as of now the members of Lok Sabha are 545, out of which 543 are elected for 5-year term and 2 members represent the Anglo-Indian community). The two unelected members are a relic from the past. The 550 members are elected under the plurality ('first past the post') electoral system.

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 Elections to Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament) as well as state assemblies are conducted every five years on basis of adult franchise. The election Commission of India conducts the election with help of government staff.

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 The Electoral process in India ca be divided into the following main stages:

  1. Delitation of Constituencies: The whole country in case of Lok Sabha elections and that particular state in the case of Legislative Assembly elections is divided into as many constituencies as there are seats.
  2. Preparation of Voter 's List: The voter 's list of each constituency is prepared and published. The voter 's list contains the names of all those who are eligible to vote.
  3. Filing of nomination papers: Any person (with the necessary qualifications) who wishes to contest elections has to file his nomination papers by the due date. Every candidate has to deposit an amount as 'Security ' along wit his nomination papers.
  4. Scrunity of nomination papers and withdrawals: The nomination papers are scrutinized and if the candidate papers are not in order, they are rejected. the candidates can also withdraw their names from elections up to a certain date fixed by the EC.
  5. Election Campaign: Through election campaigns political parties and candidates 'reach out ' to the voters with the hope of winning their votes. Posters, pamphlets are printed nad distributed. Meetings are held and speeches delivered. Use of eltronic media like radio and television is also made by the political parties and candidates. Election campaigns take place for a two week period between the announcement of for a two-week period between the announcement of final list of candidates and the date of polling.
  6. Voting: The final stage of an election is the day when voters caste their vote. Voters go to the polling booth and caste their votes for the candidate of their choice. Voting is held by secret ballot. These days eletronic voting machines are used for voting.
  7. Counting of votes and declaration of results: After the voting is over, the ballot boxes are sealed and taken to the counting centres. Votes are counted under the supervision of the returning officers. The candidate who gets the highest number of votes is declared elected.
 
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 1.Preparation of voter 's list

In a democratic election, the list of those who are eligible to vote is prepared much before the election and given to everyone.this list is officially called the Electoral Roll and is commonly known as the Voter 's list.

2. Nomination of candidates

  • The only difference is that in order to be a candidate the minimum age is 25 while it is only 18 years for being a voter.
  • Every person who wishes to contest an election has to fill a 'nomination form ' and give some money as 'security deposit '

3. Election Campaign

It is necessary to have a free and fare and open discussion about who is a better representative ,which party will make a better govt. or what is a good policy. This is what happens during the election campaign.

4. Polling and counting of votes

The final stage of an election is the day when the voter 's cast or "poll" their vote. Every person whose name is on the voters list can go to a nearby "polling booth" situated usually in a local school or a govt. office.

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  1. The country is divided into Constituencies. Some Constituencies are reserved for SCs, STs and OBCs.
  2. Once the Constituencies are decided, the next step is to decide who can and who cannot vote. In India, the list of people eligible to vote is prepared long before the elections and is called the Voter 's List.
  3. Candidates of the political parties are nominated by the respective parties.
  4. The candidates campaign and release their manifestoes so that the people get to know them.
  5. Parties and Candidates need to follow a Code of Conduct during elections.
  6. Polling is done on a day selected by the Election Commission.
  7. After polling is done, the votes are counted and the party getting the majority forms the Government.
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Election to Lok Sabha are conducted in every 5 years . Each member is elected by the voters of their constituency . There are 545 members in Lok Sabha . The candidates who are elected are assembled in parliament house to prepare law for the country .

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