Explain the structure of hybridisation ?

Dear Student

Hybridisation
It states that atomic orbitals of slightly different energies combine to form a new set of equivalent orbitals (having the same energy and shape) known as hybrid orbitals.
These hybrid orbitals are more stable than atomic orbitals, and participate in bond formation.
Types of hybridisation:
·  sp
o  Involves mixing of one s and one p (preferably pz) orbital to give two sp orbitals
o  Hybrid orbitals have 50% s and 50% p character.
o  Also known as diagonal hybridisation because if the central atom undergoes hybridisation, the orbitals are oriented in opposite directions at an angle of 180°, giving rise to linear geometry
o  Example: Be atom in BeCl2 undergoes sp hybridisation.
 
·  sp2
o  Involves mixing of one s orbital and two p orbitals to give three sp2 orbitals
o  Hybrid orbitals have 33.33% s and 66.64% p character.
o  Three hybrid orbitals orient themselves in a trigonal planer fashion at an angle of 120°.
o  Example: B in BCl3 undergoes sp2 hybridisation.
 
·  sp3
o  Involves mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals to give four sp3 orbitals
o  Hybrid orbitals have 25% s and 75% p character.
o  Four hybrid orbitals orient themselves in such a manner that each orbital is directed toward the four corners of a tetrahedron.
  • Example: C in CH4 undergoes sp3 hybridisation.

Hope it is clear to you.

@ Vaisakh_03

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Cheers!

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In chemistry hybridisation is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the qualitative description of atomic bonding properties. Hybridised orbitals are very useful in the explanation of the shape of molecular orbitals for molecules .It is an integral part of valence bond theory

Types of Hybridisations

sp3 hybrids

sp2 hybrids

sp hybrids

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Thanks !

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Thank you ! Mam

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