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explain what is hibernation , aestivation and diapause?

Hibernation: It is mainly done by bears to avoid stress condition in winters by going into an inactive state to conserve the energy.
Aestivation: It is mainly done by snails and some fishes to avoid heat and desiccation condition in summers by lowering their metabolic rate and thus conserve energy by reducing their activities.
 
Diapause: It is shifting to stage of ​suspension of developement by some ​zooplankton species in lakes and ponds ​under unfavourable conditions.

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  1. Hibernationis a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate, to conserve energy, especially during winter.
  2. Eg: polar bear
  3. Aestivation in botany.. positional arrangement of parts of flowers within a flower bud before it has opened
  4. Aestivation in Zoology : It is animal sleep in hot and dry season i.e., summer .. it is also characterized by lower metabolic rate and reduced activities.. Eg: nails
  5. Diapause :Diapause is a suspension of development that can occur at the embryonic, larval, pupal, or adult stage, depending on the species. In some species, diapause is facultative and occurs only when induced by environmental conditions; in other species the diapause period has become an obligatory part of the life cycle. The latter is often seen in temperate-zone insects, where diapause is induced by changes in the photoperiod (the relative lengths of day and night).
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