foundation challenge , challenge of expansion & deepening plz explain with example .

sum imp questions for challanges to democracy & popular struggles

1. A challenge is not just any problem. We usually call only those difficulties a ‘challenge’ which are significant and which can be overcome. A challenge is a difficulty that carries within it an opportunity for progress. Once we overcome a challenge we go up to a higher level than before.
2. Different countries face different kinds of challenges. At least one fourth of the globe is still not under democratic government.

Foundational Challenge

countries face the foundational challenge of making the transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government.

This involves bringing down the existing non-democratic regime, keeping military away from controlling government and establishing a sovereign and functional state.

For example, Nepal was under Monarchy till recent times. Now Nepal has changed to a democratic system.Nepal is a very good example of foundational challenge of democracy.

Challenge of Expansion

This involves applying the basic principle of democratic government across all the regions, different social groups and various institutions.

Ensuring greater power to local governments, extension of federal principle to all the units of the federation, inclusion of women and minority groups, etc., falls under this challenge.

This also means that less and less decisions should remain outside the arena of democratic control. Most countries including India and other democracies like the US face this challenge.

Deepening of Democracy

This involves strengthening of the institutions and practices of democracy. that is, strengthening those institutions that help people 's control and participation

this requires an attempt to bring down influence of rich and powerful people in making governmental decisions