Give examples where small discrepancies have led to new theories in physics?

Here, are some examples :
1.The concept of flat earth was replaced by the concept of spherical earth, from the observations of distant ships in sea.
2. Geocentric theory imaging earth to be at the centre of the universe was replaced by Heliocentric theory imaging sun to be stationary and all planets revolving around it.
3. The corpuscular theory of light given by Newton was replaced first by Huygens wave theory of light, which was replaced later by Planck's quantum theory of light. Finally, dual theory of light was given by De- Broglie to account for all the phenomenon observed in case of light like diffraction, interference, photoelectric effect of light.
 

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