Madhura Sarkar answered this
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Tej Singh answered this
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam(i/ˈæbdʊlkəˈlɑːm/; born 15 October 1931) usually referred to asDr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is an Indianscientistand administrator who served as the11thPresident of Indiafrom 2002 to 2007. Kalam was born and raised inRameswaram,Tamil Nadu, studied physics at theSt. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, andaerospace engineeringat theMadras Institute of Technology(MIT),Chennai.
Before his term as President, he worked as an Aerospace engineer withDefence Research and Development Organisation(DRDO) andIndian Space Research Organisation(ISRO).[1]Kalam is popularly known as theMissile Man of Indiafor his work on the development ofballistic missileandlaunch vehicletechnology.[2]He played a pivotal organizational, technical and political role in India'sPokhran-IInuclear tests in 1998, the first since theoriginal nuclear test by Indiain 1974. Some scientific experts have however called Kalam a man with no authority over nuclear physics but who just carried on the works ofHomi J. BhabhaandVikram Sarabhai.[3]
Kalam was elected the President of India in 2002, defeatingLakshmi Sahgaland was supported by both theIndian National Congressand theBharatiya Janata Party, the major political parties ofIndia. He is currently a visiting professor atIndian Institute of Management Shillong,Indian Institute of Management AhmedabadandIndian Institute of Management Indore, honorary fellow ofIndian Institute of Science, Bangalore,[4]Chancellorof theIndian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, aprofessorof Aerospace Engineering atAnna University(Chennai), JSS University (Mysore) and an adjunct/visiting faculty at many other academic and research institutions across India.
Kalam advocated plans to develop India into a developed nation by 2020 in his bookIndia 2020. He has received several prestigious awards, including theBharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. Kalam is known for his motivational speeches and interaction with the student community in India.[5]He launched his mission for the youth of the nation in 2011 called theWhat Can I Give Movementwith a central theme to defeatcorruption in India.
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Ishita Saxena answered this
Born on 15th October 1931 at Rameswaram, in Tamil Nadu, Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, specialized in Aero Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology.
He initially worked in DRDO in 1958 and then joined ISRO in 1963. Dr. Kalam has made significant contribution to Indian satellite and launch vehicles of ISRO and also in the missile programme of DRDO. As project Director, SLV-III, he contributed for the design, development and management of Indias first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) to inject Rohini satellite in the near earth orbit. He was responsible for the evolution of ISROs launch vehicles programme and configurations. He rejoined DRDO in 1982 and conceived the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) for indigenous missiles.
He was Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, Department of Defence Research Development from July 1992 to December 1999.
As Chairman, Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), he generated the Technology Vision 2020 documents a road map for transforming India from Developing India to Developed India. He provided overall guidance to a number of Homegrown Technology Projects and major technology missions such as Sugar, Advanced Composites and Fly Ash utilization.
Dr. Kalam has served as the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India, in the rank of Cabinet Minister, from November 1999 to November 2001. He was primarily responsible for evolving policies, strategies and missions for generation of innovations and support systems for multiple applications. Also, generating science and technology task in strategic, economic and social sectors in partnership with Government departments, institutions and industry. Dr. Kalam was also the Chairman, Ex-officio, of the Scientific Advisory Committee to the Cabinet (SAC-C).
Dr. Kalam took up academic pursuit as Professor, Technology Societal Transformation at Anna University, Chennai and involved in teaching and research tasks. Above all he is on his mission to ignite the young minds for national development by meeting high school students across the country.
Dr. Kalam was conferred with the Degree of Doctor of Science (D.Sc. Honoris Causa) by 30 universities/academic institutions. He is recipient of several awards including the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration 1997.
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has been awarded Padma Bhushan in 1981, Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and BHARAT RATNA in 1997.
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