give me some lesson notes for direct-indirect speech.

conversion of direct into indirect

remove inverted commas and commas . replace them with the conjuction "that"

change present tense into past tense.

write 3rd person pronouns instead of 1st and 2nd person pronouns.

keep the tense same for universal truth. e'g' the teacher said, " the earth revolves around the sun ." the teacher said that the earth revoves around the sun.

change words such as 'now' to 'then', 'here' to 'there', 'tomorrow' to 'the next day', 'yesterday the day before' or 'the previous day'

use special words such as 'inquired' or 'asked' and use 'whether' or 'if' instead of 'that'  when question is asked.

e.g. he asked " what are u doing"

he enquired whether what was I doing. (here the 1st person pronoun "I" is an exception.

use special words such as 'exclaimed' or 'commanded' when strong emotions are used. convert imperative sentences to infinitives.

MOST IMPORTANT THING PRACTICE MAKES A MAN PERFECT !

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