give the principle of working of an optical fibre.

The working principle of Optical Fiber is Total Internal Reflection of light.

Total Internal Reflection:

When light is incident from a denser to rarer medium the ray deviates away from the normal. For a certain angle of incidence (i = ic) the angle of refraction becomes 900. This angle of incidence is called the critical angle. Any ray with incident angle greater than this critical angle will be completely reflected back to the denser medium (see fig). This phenomenon is called Total Internal Reflection. 

Optical fiber:

Optical fibers are made of glass. These are glass fibers. Now for fiber optic communication glass fibers are simply not enough they have to be specially built for total internal reflection (TIR). To achieve TIR the optical fiber is given an outer layer having a lower refractive index called cladding and the central part of the glass fibre is called core

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its based on total internal reflection

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