how do the feathers of a bird protect it from the cold?

 feathers of a bird have small air pockets in them

since air is a bad conductor of heat, it does not allow the heat of bird's body to escape.

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how do feathers of  a bird protect it from cold
 
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The feathers of a bird protect it from cold as feathers have spaces between them filled with air which is a bad conductor or insulator of heat, so the air does not allow the warmth of the bird's body from going out, thus keeping it warm. It is like two thin blankets we wear in winter to keep us warm not one thick blanket. Now you all must be thinking that the birds feel very warm and hot during summer but not as they shed their feathers in summer.
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