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How do you calculate the no. of electrons in an atom

To know the number of electrons in an element, one needs to know the atomic number of that element. In neutral atom, the number of protons are equal to number of electrons. Since atomic number is equal to number of protons, hence for neutral atoms it is also equal to number of electrons. However, for a charged species, such as ions, the number of electrons and protons are not equal. 
For example:
Sodium, Na
atomic number = 11
number of electrons = 11
while for sodium ion, Na+, formed by loss of one electron.
number of electrons = 10
Chlorine, Cl
atomic number = 17
number of electrons = 17
while for chloride ion, Cl-, formed by gaining one electron.
number of electrons = 18

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as the no. of protons electrons are same in an atom and we know that the atomic no. of an atom represent the no. of protons in the particular atom. so, we can find out.

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actually no. of electron are = no of protonsand no of protons = atoms number of a particular element

example -

1.helium atomicno. 2

so no . ofprotons in it is 2 and no of electron will also be 2

2. lithium atomic no. 3

no. of protons in itis3 and electrons in it is also 3

note - atomic no. means atomic number

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No. of Protons is equal to the no. of Electrons. The protons is equal to the Atomic No. This means that Protons=Electron=Atomic no.

Example:-

Atomic No. of carbon is 6.

So, No. of electrons is 6.

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