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NH3 or NF3, which has got more dipole moment and why?

The greater the difference in electronegativity of the atoms in a covalent bond, greater is the polarity of the bond. So, the electronegativity difference between N and H in N-H bond in ammonia is lesser than the electronegative difference between N and F atom in N-F bond, therefore, NF3 is more polar than NH3.

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Dipole moment of NH3 is higher than NF3 molecule.

Explanation:

  • Both the molecules have pyramidal shape with a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom.
  • Although fluorine is more electronegative than nitrogen, the resultant dipole moment of NH3 ( 4.90 × 1030 C m) is greater than that of NF3 (0.8 × 1030 C m).
  • This is because, in case of NH3 the orbital dipole due to lone pair is in the same direction as the resultant dipole moment of the N H bonds,
  • whereas in NF3 the orbital dipole is in the direction opposite to the resultant dipole moment of the three NF bonds. The orbital dipole because of lone pair decreases the effect of the resultant N F bond moments, which results in the low dipole moment of NF3
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bcoz both molecules have pyramidal shape with long pairof e- on itrogen atom

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