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MICROBES ON HUMAN WELFARE....
 

Dear Student,

• LAB produces acids that coagulate and partially digest milk proteins.
• Small amount of curd that is added to the milk for curdling acts as an inoculum containing thousands of LABS, which further multiply.
• LAB enhances the nutritional value of milk by increasing Vitamin B12.
• LAB present in stomach prevents infections.

• Dosa and idli dough is fermented by bacteria, which produces CO2gas and gives it a puffed-up appearance.
• Dough used for making breads is fermented by baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
• ‘Toddy’ (a traditional drink from South India made by fermenting sap from palm trees)
• Cheese making : The bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii is used in ‘Swiss cheese’ to give it its characteristic holes by producing large amount of carbon dioxide.
• ‘Roquefort cheese’ is ripened by growing certain fungi on them to give them their specific flavour. 
   

• For industrial purposes, microbes are grown in large vessels called fermentors.
• On industrial scale, fermented beverages, antibiotics, enzymes, and other bioactive molecules are prepared using microbes.
• Fermented beverages
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also called brewer’s yeast, is used to prepare wine, beer, whisky, brandy, rum, etc. depending upon the type of raw material and processing.
• If fermented broth is distilled, then brandy and rum are produced while wine and beer are produced without distillation.
• Antibiotics

1. Certain microorganisms inhibit the growth of other microorganisms wherever they grow.
2. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by certain microbes that kill or retard the growth of other microbes (disease-causing microbes).
3. Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming was the first antibiotic to be discovered.
4. Fleming discovered it by chance when he was working on the bacterium Staphylococcus. He discovered that growth of Staphylococcus ceases in the culture plates where Penicillium notatum was grown.
5. Later on, its use as an effective antibiotic was established by Chain and Florey 

• Chemicals, enzymes, and bioactive agents
  
  

  Microorganism	Substance produced
  Fungus Aspergillus niger	Citric acid
  Bacterium Acetobacter aceti	Acetic acid
  Bacterium Clostridium butylicum	Butyric acid
  Bacterium Lactobacillus	Lactic acid
  Yeast S.cerevisiae	Ethanol
  Bacterium Streptococcus	Streptokinase (used as a clot buster for removing clots from blood vessels of patients with myocardial infarction)
  Fungus Trichoderma polysporum	Cyclosporin A (used as immune-suppressive agent in organ transplantation)
  Yeast Monascus purpureus	Statins (lower blood cholesterol levels)

 Similarily, explain other topics also by giving example.

Hope this helps you.

Cheers!!!