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Q. What is the basic cause of quantization of charge ?

The quantization of electric charge is the property due to which all free charges are integral multiple of basic unit of charge of an electron (or proton) represented by e.

The basic cause of quantization is that only integral no. of electrons can be transferred form one body to another on rubbing.

Eg. When 1 electron is transferred ,the charges acquired by the two bodies will be

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because electron can't divide furthur

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if the charge of an electron is taken as elementary unit i.e. qunta of charge , the charge on the body  will exist in integral multiples

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 as , electron contains the minimum charge

there is no less charge than electron.

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