Q1) write a short note on feminist movt. .
Q2) role of women in nationalist struggles.
plz respond soon
Follow these links for the answer to your questions:
- https://www.meritnation.com/discuss/question/1778553/examine-the-role-of-women-in-the-nationalist-struggles-of-europe
- https://www.meritnation.com/ask-answer/question/examine-the-role-of-women-in-the-nationalist-struggles-of-eu/the-rise-of-nationalism-in-europe/1675149
- https://www.meritnation.com/ask-answer/question/in-the-chapter-rise-of-nationalism-in-europepg-no-17-sou/the-rise-of-nationalism-in-europe/1775560
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Ans 1) Feminism in India is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for Indian women. It is the pursuit of women's rights within the society of India. Indian feminists also have fought against culture-specific issues within India's patriarchal society, such as inheritance laws and the practice of widow immolation known as Sati.
The history of feminism in India can be divided into three phases: the first phase, beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, initiated when male European colonists began to speak out against the social evils of Sati; the second phase, from 1915 to Indian independence, when Gandhi incorporated women's movements into the Quit India movement and independent women's organizations began to emerge and finally, the third phase, post-independence, which has focused on fair treatment of women in the work force and right to political parity.Despite the progress made by Indian feminist movements, women living in modern India still face many issues of discrimination. India's patriarchal culture has made the process of gaining land-ownership rights and access to education challenging.As in the West, there has been some criticism of feminist movements in India. They have especially been criticized for focusing too much on women already privileged, and neglecting the needs and representation of poorer or lower caste women. This has led to the creation of caste-specific feminist organizations and movements.
Ans 2) The history of Indian Freedom Struggle would be incomplete without mentioning the contributions of women. The sacrifice made by the women of India will occupy the foremost place. They fought with true spirit and undaunted courage and faced various tortures, exploitations and hardships to earn us freedom.When most of the men freedom fighters were in prison the women came forward and took charge of the struggle. The list of great women whose names have gone down in history for their dedication and undying devotion to the service of India is a long one.Woman's participation in India's freedom struggle began as early as in1817 .Bhima Bai Holkar fought bravely against the British colonel Malcolm and defeated him in guerilla warfare. Many women including Rani Channama of Kittur, Rani Begam Hazrat Mahal of Avadh fought against British East India company in the 19th century; 30 years before the “First War of Independence 1857”.Let us elucidate the role of Indian women who participated in the freedom struggle against British East India Company and British Empire and made great and rich contributions in various ways.
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Feminism in India is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for Indian women. It is the pursuit of women 's rights within the society of India . Indian feminists also have fought against culture-specific issues within India 's patriarchal society, such as inheritance laws and the practice of widow immolation known as Sati .
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The history of feminism involves the story of feminist movements and of feminist thinkers. Depending on time, culture and country, feminists around the world have sometimes had different causes and goals. Most western feminist historians assert that all movements that work to obtainwomen's rights should be considered feminist movements, even when they did not (or do not) apply the term to themselves.Other historians assert that the term should be limited to the modern feminist movement and its descendants. Those historians use the label "protofeminist" to describe earlier movements. The history of the modern western feminist movements is divided into three "waves". Each is described as dealing with different aspects of the same feminist issues. The first wave refers to the movement of the 19th through early 20th centuries, which dealt mainly with suffrage, working conditions and educational rights for women and girls. The second wave (1960s-1980s) dealt with the inequality of laws, as well as culturalinequalities and the role of women in society. The third wave of feminism (late 1980s-early 2000s (decade)), is seen as both a continuation of the second wave and a response to the perceived failures.
b) In the rise of nationalist movements and modern nation-states in the 20th century, women are actively participating in the movement for liberation. Throughout the world, much of the liberation of former European colonies and creation of new states stemmed from the active role women took in the struggle for independence. Feminist ideas were fueled by major social, intellectual, political, economic and cultural transformations in Europe and North America. Socially, the expansion of literacy created greater and more equal access to knowledge among middle-class and working class-people. Intellectual changes known as the Enlightenment often challenged the authority of religion and worked independently of state-established churches, creating opportunities for feminists to do the same. Enlightenment thinkers valued experience and the evidence of the senses, emphasized acquired rather than ascribed traits, and raised fundamental (though unresolved) questions about traits ascribed to women. Feminists used Enlightenment ideas to emphasize women’s basic humanity and equality with men.
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