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Some information on EARTH QUAKE

Method of information

1. Introduction

2. Causes - List ---->> Point wise

3. Case Study

4. Mitigation

5. Conclusion

6. Source [ from where u collected the information ]

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  • Earthquake is the sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy in earth 's crust that generates seismic waves.
  •  Plate movement and volcanic activities are the major causes for release of energy. Collision between plates or subsidence caused by their movement away from each other generate waves of energy.
  • Focus- It is the point of origin of earthquake where the energy is released.
  • Epicentre- The point on the earth 's surface directly above the focus is known as the epicentre of the earthquake.
  • The fastest of the three waves and the one that is first detected by seismographs is the P wave or primary wave. The P waves can move through both liquid and solid rock. P waves compress and expand matter as they move through it.
  • S waves, or secondary waves, are the waves directly following the P waves. S waves cannot travel through liquid.. S waves are larger than P waves and are more dangerous they and generate vertical and horizontal motion in the ground surface.
  • Surface waves move close to or on the outside surface of the ground. This the slowest of all the earthquake waves.
  • The earthquake with the largest recorded magnitude of 9.5 occurred at Valdivia in Chile on May 22nd 1960. Its epicenter was near Lumaco.
  • engineers have constructed skyscrapers that float on systems of ball bearings, springs and padded cylinders. Acting like shock absorbers in a car, these systems allow the building to be decoupled from the shaking of the ground.
  • Another technique to dampen the swaying of a tall building is to build in a large (several tons) mass that can sway at the top of the building in opposition to the building sway. Known as “tuned mass dampers”, these devices can reduce the sway of a building up to 30 to 40 percent.

 

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An earthquake is a vibration or tremor produced in the Earth’s crust. It is caused by the disturbances originating deep inside the Earth’s crust.

 
What c auses an earthquake?
We know that tremors are produced by the disturbances taking place deep down in the uppermost layer of the Earth known as the crust.
This exterior portion of the Earth is not continuous, and is broken into many pieces known as plates. These plates move constantly. They can slide past one another, or move into each other because of the collisions taking place between them.
When this happens, disturbances are produced in the earth’s crust, which lead to an earthquake on the surface of the Earth. However, this is not the only reason which can give rise to an earthquake.
 
 
Earthquakes can also be caused by the following:
  • Volcanic eruption
  • Meteors falling on the Earth’s surface

  • Underground explosions. For example, underground nuclear tests.

  • Collapsing structures such as mines etc.

Earthquake is a calamity in which a sudden and violent shaking of the ground occurs , sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth 's crust .

In images it will occur like this.

Many natural phenomena such as lightning, cyclones, and thunderstorms can be predicted well in advance. However, there is one natural phenomenon that cannot be predicted. This natural phenomenon is the earthquake. Earthquakes can produce large scale destruction. You must have heard about the earthquake, which lead to large scale destruction in the Bhuj district of Gujarat.

An earthquake is a vibration or tremor produced in the Earth’s crust. It is caused by the disturbances originating deep inside the Earth’s crust. Generally, the period for which the effect of an earthquake is felt is very small.

Earthquakes vary extremely in magnitude. Sometimes, earthquakes are so mild that we don’t even feel them. Earthquakes of large magnitudes are not very frequent, but they can produce large scale damage to houses, buildings, and roads.

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