the difference between mahalwari system and permanent settlement are - Social Science -

Question

the difference between mahalwari system and permanent settlement
are?

Reecha Upadhyaya · Accepted Answer

Permanent Settlement

Ryotwari Settlement

Mahalwari Settlement

Initiated by Lord Cornwallis

Introduced by Munro and William Bentinck

Initiated by Holt Mackenzie

Executed in Bengal

Executed in Madras and Bombay

Executed in the North West Frontier Provinces

The authorities entered into settlement with the Zamindars

The authorities entered into settlement with the actual ryot or the
owner of the land

The authorities entered into settlement with the village community
where they held land in common tenancy or with the landlords

The land revenue was fixed

The revenue was not fixed

No assessment of the land was made

Assessment of land done Munro assessed the revenue from 50-55% and
later reduced it to one third of the estimated produce

Assessment done The revenue was charged on the ‘net
produce’

Causes for Failure-

The peasants lost the right of their lands

Sub-infeudation

The Zamindars oppressed the cultivators more revenue

The system was harsh and rigid

Least statutory base and executive management received to implement
the plan

Causes of Failure-

The cultivator was required to pay a fixed sum of rent irrespective
of the actual yield

The assessment of the rent was done by the agents who made unfair
extortions

Causes of Failure-

No more enquiries made for assessment

State demand of revenue was very high

In Munro system the farmer was recognized as the owner of the
land The company made a revenue settlement directly with the
peasants Thomas Munro developed this system So it is known as Munro
system

Permanent Settlement	Ryotwari Settlement	Mahalwari Settlement
Initiated by Lord Cornwallis	Introduced by Munro and William Bentinck	Initiated by Holt Mackenzie
Executed in Bengal	Executed in Madras and Bombay	Executed in the North West Frontier Provinces
The authorities entered into settlement with the Zamindars	The authorities entered into settlement with the actual ryot or the owner of the land.	The authorities entered into settlement with the village community where they held land in common tenancy or with the landlords.
The land revenue was fixed.	The land revenue was fixed.	The revenue was not fixed.
No assessment of the land was made.	Assessment of land done. Munro assessed the revenue from 50-55% and later reduced it to one third of the estimated produce.	Assessment done. The revenue was charged on the ‘net produce’.
Causes for Failure- The peasants lost the right of their lands Sub-infeudation The Zamindars oppressed the cultivators more revenue The system was harsh and rigid. Least statutory base and executive management received to implement the plan.	Causes of Failure- The cultivator was required to pay a fixed sum of rent irrespective of the actual yield. The assessment of the rent was done by the agents who made unfair extortions.	Causes of Failure- No more enquiries made for assessment State demand of revenue was very high

the difference between mahalwari system and permanent settlement are?