thick white fumes are formed when a glass rod is dipped in ammonia hydroxide is brought near the mouth of the bottle full of hcl gas

The white fumes which are formed is due to the formation of ammonium chloride which contains ammonium cation and chloride ion as anion.
The chemical formula of ammonium chloride is NH4Cl,  Following is the chemical equation for the reaction:-
 NH4OH + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O

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