very short speech on any topic and timelimit is one and half minute - English -

Question

very short speech on any topic and timelimit is one and half
minute

Aadhav · Accepted Answer

Child labour
"The child is the father of man " This
famous line quoted by William Wordsworth refers to the importance
of the child for the development of society as well as for the
all-round development of the human race Childhood is the time to
garner the best physical, intellectual and emotional capacity to
fulfill this duty towards the nation and to one's own self However,
this simple rule of nature has been crippled by the ever-growing
menace of child labour If one conceives the idea of child labour,
it brings before the eyes the picture of exploitation of little,
physically tender, illiterate and under-nourished children working
in hazardous and unhealthy conditions
About 250 million children between the age of
five and fourteen work in developing countries At least 120 million
of these children work on a full-time basis In India the
conservative estimate is about 11 3 million (according to the 1991
censure), but the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated
it at 23 2 million 1996 Both estimates include full-time and
marginal child workers Most working children in rural areas are
found in agriculture; many work as domestic labourers; urban
children work in the trade and services sector; while some other
work in manufacturing and construction Such children range from
four-years-old doing petty jobs to seventeen0years olds helping out
on the family farms Denied education and a normal childhood, some
children, confined and beaten, are often reduced to slavery At
times they are denied freedom of movement - the right to leave the
workplace and visit their families Some are abducted and forced to
work Instances of human rights abuses in such practices are clear
and acute
Child agricultural workers frequently work for
long hours in the heat, haul heavy loads of grains, are exposed to
toxic pesticides, and suffer high rates of injury from sharp,
dangerous tools Children working in factories often work near hot
furnaces, handle hazardous chemicals like arsenic and potassium,
work in glass blowing units where the work harms their lungs,
damages their eyes and causes disease like tuberculosis, asthma and
bronchitis Some are injured in fire accidents They become
unemployable at the age of 20 if injured or incapacitated, they are
mercilessly discarded by their employers Child domestic workers,
mostly girls, work for long hors for little or no pay They are
subjected to verbal and physical abuse, at times even sexual abuse
They may be fired from their work, losing not only the job but
their place of shelter as well Millions of children are involved in
work that, under any circumstances, is considered unacceptable for
children, including the sale and trafficking of children into debt
bondage, serfdom, and forced labour It includes the forced
recruitment of children for armed conflict, commercial sexual
exploitation, and other illicit activities, such as drug
trafficking
The prevalence of child labour is a slap on the
conscience of society It harms not only the present generation but
also the posterity The origin of the problem of child labour can be
traced to some complex social vices illiteracy, poverty,
inequality, failure of social welfare schemes, population
explosion, etc The root cause lies in the economic insecurity of
families that results from job loss, natural calamities, and
sickness of parents in poor families that are often in debt and
have no savings Children of the poor have become an expendable
commodity The children either supplement their poor parents' income
or are the only wage earners in the family Discrimination based on
gender, race or religion is also responsible for the problem of
child labour Domestic employers often compel poor children to work
for minimal wages Also, work is relatively easy to get in
households Thus, the household sector employs the largest number of
children labourers Sometimes, child labour is deliberately
facilitated by vested interests to get cheap labour Employers
justify this with the logic that it saves children from starvation
and prevent them from being sucked into the world of crime The
"nimble finger theory" holds that children are better producers of
certain products such as knotted carpets and other such kinds of
goods Hence, poor children are hired, exploited and made to work
and produce such types of goods
The government says that it is not easy to
completely end child labour it, therefore, has only tried to
improve their working conditions--reducing working hours, ensuring
minimum wages and providing facilities for health and education It
can be said that the government measures have three main components
legal action focusing on general welfare, development programmes
for child workers and their families, and a project-based action
plan
The present Factories Act 1948 prescribes
prohibitory actions for employment of children below 14 years of
age in any factory Indian Mines Act 1951 prohibits employment of
children below 16 years in the any underground mines
The main instrument for the regulation of child
labour in India was launched in the year 1986 This was the Child
Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986 It came to being due
to the requirement of ILO convention and foresee ability of the
National Seminar on Employment of Children in 1975, to prevent
exploitation of children The Indian government felt a need to enact
a single law to deal with the prohibition of Child Labour In 1979,
Gurupadswamy committee was set up to study the problem of child
labour and evolve measures to sort it out This committee also
agreed to enact a single law to govern child labour The Committee
examined the problem in detail and made some far-reaching
recommendations it noted that any attempt to abolish it through
legal means would not be a practical proposition The Committee felt
that in such circumstances, the only alternative left was to ban
child labour in hazardous areas and to regulate and ameliorate the
conditions of work in other areas It recommended that a
comprehensive policy approach was required in dealing with the
problems of working children based on the recommendation of this
Committee, the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation( Act was
enforced in 1986 The Act prohibits employment of children in
certain specified hazardous occupations and processes and regulates
the working conditions in others The list of hazardous occupations
and processes is progressively being expanded on the recommendation
of Child Labour technical Advisory Committee constituted under Act
Further, Article 24 of the Indian Constitution also prohibits
employment of children below the age of fourteen in hazardous
works
The Conventions of the ILO, the 1926 and 1656
Slavery Conventions, and the UN Convention on the Rights of the
Child are the major tools used for regulation of child labour The
other potent instruments used for the eradication or regulation of
child labour are: Article 32 of the UN Convention on the Rights of
the Child (1989), which holds, "State parties recognize the right
of the child to be protected form economic exploitation and from
performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere
with the child's education or to be harmful to the child's health
or physical, mental, spiritual, mortal or social development "
Successive governments have been aware of the
need for release of these children from hazardous work and their
rehabilitation through education With this end in view, the
National Policy on Child Labour was formulated in August 1984 The
National Child Labour Projects were conceptualized and launched
around the same time Later on, it was further strengthened for the
total liberation of all children in the age group of 5 to 14
employed in hazardous work and for their physical and emotional
rehabilitation through a composite package under the National Child
labour Projects which are to be administered under the Societies
Registration Act, 1960 Many other organizations (both governmental
and NGOs) are stepping forward for the upliftment of these children
and regulation and eradication of child labour Recently, the
Parliament's adoption of the right of Children to Free and
Compulsory Education Bill, 2009, has also ushered in a new ray of
hope for the deprived children of India
The problem of child labour must be recognized
as a human rights problem, both directly (e g slavery) and
indirectly (e g compulsory labour that results in denial of the
right to education) It embraces not only "the rights of the child"
per se, but also the broad panoply of entitlements across
the whole spectrum of rights through which, at least civil,
political, social, cultural and economic rights The policymakers as
also the ordinary citizens must understand that the future of
children would not be secured unless their rights are clearly
identified, redefined and restored Seen from this perspective, it
becomes a mandatory duty of all governments across the world to
take all possible steps to put and end to the problem of child
labour once and for all Today's children will constitute the
backbone of tomorrow's society Hence, it is the obligation of every
generation to bring up children, who will be citizens of tomorrow,
in a proper way
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