what are all the examples of atmospheric refraction?

Hi Ashley,

Please find below the solution to the asked query:

Examples of atmospheric refraction are as follows:

(1) The sun appears flattened at the time of sun set and sun rise.
(2) The density of the air in the atmosphere is greater near the surface of the earth than above it. Thus, the magnitude of refraction increases with decreasing height.Due to this, the lower portions of the sun at the time of sun set and sun rise are raised more than the upper portions. Hence, the vertical diameter of the sun is shortened more than the horizontal diameter.As a result, the sun seems flattened.
(3) ​The stars seem twinkling of light.The density of the layers of the atmosphere changes continuously. Due to the changes in the density of air, the magnitude of refraction of the light rays from the stars also changes continuously. This changes causes the apparent positions of the images of the stars to change continuously with time. Hence,the stars appear to twinkle.

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