What are halogens ?

The halogenscan be found on the left-hand side of the noble gases. These five toxic,non-metallic elements make up Group 17 of the periodic table and consist of: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). Although astatine is radioactive and only has short-lived isotopes, it behaves similar to iodine and is often included in the halogen group.Since the halogen elements have seven valence electrons, they only require one additional electron to form a full octet. This characteristic makes them more reactive than other non-metal groups.

HALOGENS:-Thehalogensor halogen elements are a series of nonmetal elements from Group 17 (old-style: VII or VIIA; Group 7 IUPAC Style) of theperiodic table, comprisingfluorine, F; chlorine, Cl; bromine, Br; iodine, I; and astatine, At. The undiscovered element 117, temporarily named ununseptium, may also be a halogen.

Example:-The chemical reactivity of halogen atoms depends on both their point of attachment to the lead and the nature of the halogen. Aromatic halogen groups are far less reactive than aliphatic halogen groups, which can exhibit considerable chemical reactivity. For aliphatic carbon-halogen bonds the C-F bond is the strongest and usually less chemically reactive than aliphatic C-H bonds. The other aliphatic-halogen bonds are weaker, their reactivity increasing down the periodic table. They are usually more chemically reactive than aliphatic C-H bonds. Consequently, the most common halogen substitutions are the less reactive aromatic fluorine and chlorine groups.
[edit]Solubility in water

Fluorine reacts vigorously with water to produce oxygen (O2) and hydrogen fluoride (HF):[2]
2 F2(g) + 2 H2O(l) → O2(g) + 4 HF(aq)
Chlorine has minimal solubility in water, with maximum solubility at 49.3F (9.6C) when approximately 1% is dissolved.[3] Dissolved chlorine reacts to form hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hypochlorous acid, a solution that can be used as a disinfectant or bleach:
Cl2(g) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) + HClO(aq)
Bromine has a solubility of 3.41 g per 100 g of water,[4] but it slowly reacts to form hydrogen bromide (HBr) and hypobromous acid (HBrO):
Br2(g) + H2O(l) → HBr(aq) + HBrO(aq)
Iodine, however, is minimally soluble in water (0.03 g/100 g water @ 20 C) and does not react with it.

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Halogen family involves elements Fluorine, Chlorine. Bromine, Iodine and Astatine

The name halogens (halo=sea salts and genes=producing) meaning sea salt former.

Halogens refer to the non-metals that belong to group 17 and include the elements Fluorine, Chlorine. Bromine, Iodine and Astatine. They are named as halogens because they form salts in the sea.

All halogens need one electron to complete their octet so they either gain one electron or share one electron showing the valency of one. All elements of halogen family are electronegative with Fluorine being the most electronegative element.

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