What are hydrocarbons? How to name alkanes ,alkynes,alkenes?
I.U.P.A.C name and common name
Hydrocarbons- The compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms are called hydrocarbons.They are further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Alkanes – the suffix ane is used for naming alkanes.The number of carbon atoms in the given alkane is counted and suitable prefix is used such as meth- for one carbon atom, eth- for two carbons atoms etc.The suffix ane is added after the prefix to give IUPAC name to the alkane.Example: meth + ane = methane
Other example: CH3- CH3 – Ethane
Common names:
Branched chain alkanes have common names but linear alkanes have only systematic names.You will study about naming of branched chain alkanes in higher classes.
Alkenes - the suffix ene is used for naming alkenes.The number of carbon atoms in the given alkane is counted and suitable prefix is used such as eth- for two carbon atom, prop- for three carbons atoms etc.The suffix ene is added after the prefix to give IUPAC name to the alkene.Example: eth + ene = ethene
Other example: CH2=CH-CH3 – Propene
For common names of alkenes, the suffix –ylene is used instead of ene.Example: CH2=CH2 - Ethylene, CH2=CH-CH3- propylene etc.
Alkynes - the suffix yne is used for naming alkynes.The number of carbon atoms in the given alkane is counted and suitable prefix is used such as eth- for two carbon atoms, prop- for three carbons atoms etc.The suffix yne is added after the prefix to give IUPAC name to the alkyne.Example: eth + yne = ethyne
Other example: CH≡C-CH3 – Propyne
Common names:
The lowest alkyne is named as acetylene (CH≡CH).In higher groups; the alkyne is names as alkyl derivative of acetylene.Example: CH≡C-CH3 – methylacetylene, CH≡C-C2H5 – ethylacetylene etc.
Alkanes – the suffix ane is used for naming alkanes.The number of carbon atoms in the given alkane is counted and suitable prefix is used such as meth- for one carbon atom, eth- for two carbons atoms etc.The suffix ane is added after the prefix to give IUPAC name to the alkane.Example: meth + ane = methane
Other example: CH3- CH3 – Ethane
Common names:
Branched chain alkanes have common names but linear alkanes have only systematic names.You will study about naming of branched chain alkanes in higher classes.
Alkenes - the suffix ene is used for naming alkenes.The number of carbon atoms in the given alkane is counted and suitable prefix is used such as eth- for two carbon atom, prop- for three carbons atoms etc.The suffix ene is added after the prefix to give IUPAC name to the alkene.Example: eth + ene = ethene
Other example: CH2=CH-CH3 – Propene
For common names of alkenes, the suffix –ylene is used instead of ene.Example: CH2=CH2 - Ethylene, CH2=CH-CH3- propylene etc.
Alkynes - the suffix yne is used for naming alkynes.The number of carbon atoms in the given alkane is counted and suitable prefix is used such as eth- for two carbon atoms, prop- for three carbons atoms etc.The suffix yne is added after the prefix to give IUPAC name to the alkyne.Example: eth + yne = ethyne
Other example: CH≡C-CH3 – Propyne
Common names:
The lowest alkyne is named as acetylene (CH≡CH).In higher groups; the alkyne is names as alkyl derivative of acetylene.Example: CH≡C-CH3 – methylacetylene, CH≡C-C2H5 – ethylacetylene etc.