what are the causes of deforestation in india?

Cause of Deforestation

1) Population explosion

Large areas of forests have been cleaned for agriculture, factories, road and rail tracks, industries, mining and quarrying have seriously affected the forest.

2) Fires

Forest fires destroy trees, seeds and the animal life.

3) Pests

Many kinds of insect pests destroy forests by eating the shoots and spreading diseases.

4) Grazing and gnawing mammals

These animal seat, trample the young plants, and damage their trunks and roots.

5) Weather

Storm and snow damage the forests. These natural forces are beyond human power to control.

6) Dams

Barriers constructed across rivers to prevent floods submerge and kill large tracts of forests.

7) Jhuming (Shifting cultivation)

In certain parts of India, forests are burnt and the ash is mixed with the soil and the land used for cultivation.

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the causes of deforestation in india are increase in population

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There are many root causes of contemporary deforestation, including corruption of government institutions,[3][4] the inequitable distribution of wealth and power,[5] population growth[6] and overpopulation,[7][8] and urbanization.[9] Globalization is often viewed as another root cause of deforestation,[10][11] though there are cases in which the impacts of globalization (new flows of labor, capital, commodities, and ideas) have promoted localized forest recovery.[12]

In 2000 the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) found that "the role of population dynamics in a local setting may vary from decisive to negligible," and that deforestation can result from "a combination of population pressure and stagnating economic, social and technological conditions."[6]

According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat, the overwhelming direct cause of deforestation is agriculture. Subsistence farming is responsible for 48% of deforestation; commercial agriculture is responsible for 32% of deforestation; logging is responsible for 14% of deforestation and fuel wood removals make up 5% of deforestation.[13]

The degradation of forest ecosystems has also been traced to economic incentives that make forest conversion appear more profitable than forest conservation.[14] Many important forest functions have no markets, and hence, no economic value that is readily apparent to the forests' owners or the communities that rely on forests for their well-being.[14] From the perspective of the developing world, the benefits of forest as carbon sinks or biodiversity reserves go primarily to richer developed nations and there is insufficient compensation for these services. Developing countries feel that some countries in the developed world, such as the United States of America, cut down their forests centuries ago and benefited greatly from this deforestation, and that it is hypocritical to deny developing countries the same opportunities: that the poor shouldn't have to bear the cost of preservation when the rich created the problem.[15]

Experts do not agree on whether industrial logging is an important contributor to global deforestation.[16][17] Some argue that poor people are more likely to clear forest because they have no alternatives, others that the poor lack the ability to pay for the materials and labour needed to clear forest.[16] One study found that population increases due to high fertility rates were a primary driver of tropical deforestation in only 8% of cases.[18]

Some commentators have noted a shift in the drivers of deforestation over the past 30 years.[19] Whereas deforestation was primarily driven by subsistence activities and government-sponsored development projects like transmigration in countries like Indonesia and colonization in Latin America, India, Java etc. during late 19th century and the earlier half of the 20th century. By the 1990s the majority of deforestation was caused by industrial factors, including extractive industries, large-scale cattle ranching, and extensive agriculture.[20]

[edit] Environmental problems

[edit] Atmospheric

Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography.[21][22][23][24]

Deforestation is a contributor to global warming,[25][26] and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions.[27] According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deforestation, mainly in tropical areas, could account for up to one-third of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions.[28] But recent calculations suggest that carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (excluding peatland emissions) contribute about 12% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions with a range from 6 to 17%.[29] Trees and other plants remove carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis and release oxygen back into the atmosphere during normal respiration. Only when actively growing can a tree or forest remove carbon over an annual or longer timeframe. Both the decay and burning of wood releases much of this stored carbon back to the atmosphere. In order for forests to take up carbon, the wood must be harvested and turned into long-lived products and trees must be re-planted.[30] Deforestation may cause carbon stores held in soil to be released. Forests are stores of carbon and can be either sinks or sources depending upon environmental circumstances. Mature forests alternate between being net sinks and net sources of carbon dioxide (see carbon dioxide sink and carbon cycle).

Reducing emissions from the tropical deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in developing countries has emerged as new potential to complement ongoing climate policies. The idea consists in providing financial compensations for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from deforestation and forest degradation".[31]

Rainforests are widely believed by laymen to contribute a significant amount of world's oxygen,[32] although it is now accepted by scientists that rainforests contribute little net oxygen to the atmosphere and deforestation will have no effect on atmospheric oxygen levels.[33][34] However, the incineration and burning of forest plants to clear land releases large amounts of CO2, which contributes to global warming.[26]

Forests are also able to extract carbon dioxide and pollutants from the air, thus contributing to biosphere stability

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hey srk i was just finding u in the previous post

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am der..!!!

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simple is it is coz by the increasing population and growing demands of the people

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if satisfied then thumbs up

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i realy like the article. thank you for the feedback.

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from where you have copied ????

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