What are the positive and negative effects of Colonialism in Vietnam

  During colonization the French built irrigation canals in the Mekong Delta. This led to increased cultivation of rice (quadrupled from 1880-1930) and greatly increased the export of rice for Vietnam. However, only a small cut of the profits came back to the landowners, and even less to the peasants. 

The French financed their projects (in addition to taxation) by recruiting forced labor. You could call that creating jobs. There was also convict-labor, poor working conditions, lack of medical care, low salaries, and sometimes they weren't even paid. 

The French officialized 'quoc ngu', the written script using the Roman alphabet. Unfortunately, along with colonization came widespread illiteracy. That is to say, literacy was more widespread among the majority before the French took over. 

A small number of children were admitted to lycées, secondary schools of the French. 

Medical care was well organized in the cities, for the French. Not for Vietnamese, thought even if it was for the Vietnamese, it would only benefit the small percentage that didn't live in the rural areas. There were 2 physicians for every 100 000 Vietnamese. 

There was a small minority of Vietnamese large landowners. They owned close to half of all the land, even though they accounted for less than 3% of the total number of landowners. 

Whatever positive the French brought/created only benefited a small minority of Vietnamese and, of course, the French themselves.