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What is commercial farming? what are its types? explain them with examples

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Commercial farming is a type of farming in which crops are grown for commercial use only, i.e. for selling pupose only. A large capital, land and large amount of labour is required. Machines are used at a large scale.

It is of 3 types ; Commercial grain farming, Plantation agriculture, and Mixed farming

Commercial Grain Farming - It is done for commercial purpose. It is generally practised in Temprate grasslands. These areas are sparsely populated with farms spread over a large area of land. Only a single crop is grown and no agricultural activity is done in winters.For eg. Wheat and Maize

Mixed Farming - Land is used for Both, growing crops and rearing livestock.

Plantations - A single crop is grown on huge area of land. The crops are processed for commercial use either in the farm itself or in nearby factories. Thus, transportation network should be proper, near plantations. For eg. Tea, coffee, rubber, cashew.

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Commercial agriculture is a large-scale production of crops for sale, intended for widespread distribution to wholesalers or retail outlets. In commercial farming crops such as wheat, maize, tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana, cotton are harvested and sold in the world markets. Commercial agriculture includes livestock production and livestock grazing. Due to the expensive nature of capital formation and implementation of technological processes, the landowners of such farms are often large agricultural corporations (especially in developing countries). Large-scale commercial farming, in terms of some of its processes, may be conceptually not very different from large industrial enterprises; United Fruit Company (now Chiquita Brands International) is an example. Commercial farming is most commonly found in advanced industrialized nations. The harvested crop may be processed on-site (or shipped to a processing facility belonging to the farm owners) and then sold to a wholesaler as a complete product, or it may be sold as-is for further processing elsewhere. Commercial agriculture differs significantly from subsistence agriculture, as the main objective of commercial agriculture is achieving higher profits through economies of scale, specialization, introduction of capital-intensive farming techniques, labour-saving technologies, and maximization of crop yields per hectare through synthetic and natural resources (fertilizers, hybrid seeds, irrigation, etc.). Whereas subsistence agriculture is an economic model in which most members of a population work in agriculture to feed themselves, with limited need for trade, commercial agriculture is a type of agriculture suited to industrial or postindustrial economic models, in which most members of a population do not work in agriculture, are fed by others (the few who do work in agriculture), and purchase their food and fiber as consumers, with currency.

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