what is contour ploughing?

 On sloped land, plow such that rows are side by side but each row follows a path such that every point on it is at the same elevation. So, for example, to plow a round hillock you would plow concentric circles around the hill top to bottom. The resultant furrow lines look just like the contour lines on a contour map. With this plowing method the rows hold water instead of draining it downward and becoming eroded.

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Contour ploughing is a well-established agronomic measure that contributes to soil and water conservation(see figure 1). The soil is ploughed along the contour instead of up- and downward (see figure 1). This decreases the velocity of runoff and thus soil erosion by concentrating water in the downward furrows (Tidemann1996) . Contour ploughing on the other hand purposely builds a barrier against rainwater runoff which is collected in the furrows. Infiltration rates increase and more water is kept in place. Contour ploughing is especially important at the beginning of the rainy season when biological conservation effects are poor

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