what is cutting, grafting, layering and budding. describe dis. plz 

The Cutting, Grafting, Layering and Budding are artificial methods of vegetative propagation. Vegetative propagation is a mode of asexual reproduction in plants where the vegetative parts such as roots, leaves, stems, etc. are used to propagate the plants.  

Cutting: Here the cuttings of the "parent" plant are removed and placed in a suitable environment so that they can grow into a whole new plant. For example rose cutting.

Layering: The stem is bent down and the target region buried in the soil. The buried part of stem develops roots and is detached from the plant and develops into new plant.

Grafting: In grafting a shoot or bud of a selected, desired plant (scion) is grafted onto the stock of another type of plant.

Budding: Some plants develop buds on their leaves like Bryophyllum. When the leaves fall on the ground, the buds develop into small plants under favourable conditions. This method of producing a new plant from a bud is called budding.