What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.

Irrigation is the technique by which crop lands are watered artificially by digging canals or making pipelines from the water sources. There are several methods of irrigation like drip irrigation, sprinkler etc.

 

Drip Irrigation System: 

 

Drip irrigation is a method of slow watering the plants which is mostly used in the plant beds that require thorough watering to make the soil saturated with water. Typical drip irrigation layouts are prepared for the people without any idea of drip irrigation.

Sprinkler System:

Sprinkler is used to irrigate a huge area at a time. It can spray water over a large area. It si mostly used in yards where wide spread watering is required only to soak the soil like grass lawn, flower beds etc.

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Irrigation is the method of supplying water to the crops for better harvest as plants cannot survive without water.

1) drip irrigation : In this kind of irrigation , water is supplied drop by drop  near the roots of the crops or plants. They are generally used in the areas where there is a scarcity of water. However, it is very expensive.

2) Sprinkler system : In this system, the water escapes from the revolving nozzles and is sprinkled like rain on the crops. this system is used for sandy soils and uneven land.

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  The  supply  of  water  to  crops  at  appropriate  intervals  is  called  irrigation.  Two  methods  which  help  us  to  use  water  economically  are-

1]  SPRINKLER  SYSTEM  -  This  system  is  more  useful  on  the  uneven  land  where  water  is  available  in  smaller  quantity.  The  perpendicular  pipes  having  rotating  nozzles  on  the  top  are  joined  to  the  main  pipeline  at  regular  intervals.  When  the  water  is  allowed  to  flow  through  the  main  pipe  with  the  help  of  a  pump,  it  escapes  from  the  rotating  nozzles.  It  is  sprinkled  on  the  crop  as  if  it  is  raining.  Sprinkler  system  is  very   useful  for  sandy  soil.

2]  DRIP  IRRIGATION  -  In  this  system,  the  water  falls  drop  by  drop  just  at  the  position  of  the  roots.  So,  it  is  called  drip  system.  It  is  the  best  technique  of  watering  fruit  plants,  gardens  and  trees.  This  system  consists  of  a  main  pipe  to  which  lateral  pipes  are  joined.  The  specially  prepared  nozzles  are  attached  to  these  lateral  pipes.  The  nozzles  are  grounded  just  near  the  roots  of  the  plants.  It  provides  water  to  plants  drop  by  drop.  Wter  is  not  waisted  at  all.  So,  it  is  a  boon  in  places  where  availability  of  water  is  poor.

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Irrigation is the process by which water is supplied to crops at different intervals. The time and frequency of irrigation varies according to different seasons, crops, and soil types. There are various sources of irrigation such as wells, canals, rivers, dams, ponds, and lakes.

Two methods of irrigation which help in conservation of water are:

a) Sprinkler system:

This system is more useful on uneven land, having fewer water supplies. In this method, water is supplied using pipes to one or more central locations within the field. When water is allowed to flow under high pressure with the help of a pump, it gets sprinkled on the crops.

b)Drip system:

In this system, water is delivered at or near the roots of plants, drop by drop. This is the most efficient method of irrigation as there is no wastage of water at all. This method is important in areas where water availability is poor.

 
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 what are four types of irrigation methods?

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Irrigation is the process of giving water to crops after a fixed intervalMethods which conserve water :

1. DRIP IRRIGATION

2. SPRINKLER SYSTEM

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Giving water to the crops at a fixed interval is called irrigation.

methods which conserve water are :::

{ i }Sprinkler system

{ ii }Drip irrigation

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Giving thae crops water at fixed time intervals is known as irrigation.

The 2 methods which conserve water are drip irridation and sprinkler system.

Drip irrigation : The irrigation method which pours the water just at the place of roots and perfect time intervals i known as drip irrigation

Sprinkler system : The irrigation method in which the water is poured from top to bottom of the plant is known as sprinkler system

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Watering crops at fixed time intervals is called irrigation . 2 methods which conserve water are Drip and Sprinkler system. In drip system water is given to plants at their rootsdrop by drop and in Sprinkler system water is sprinkled all over the field for crops . For ex - drip system is usedin fieldsand Sprinkler system is used in gardens .

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The process of watering of crops in the field at different intervals is called irrigation. In india , farmers cannot depend on rain for irrigation because it may not rain when the crops require water. To get a good produce, crops need to be irrigated properly. The time and frequency of irrigation differs from crop to crop and soil to soil. Irrigation helps seeds to germinate. It is also essential for absorption of nutrients by plants from the soil and also essential for the elongation of roots. Water also protect crops from frost and dry hot air currents.

the two methods of irrigation are traditional method and modern method

but sprinkler and drip system conserve water

Sprinkler irrigationIn sprinkler or overhead irrigation, water is piped to one or more central locations within the field and distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or guns. A system utilizing sprinklers, sprays, or guns mounted overhead on permanently installed risers is often referred to as a solid-set irrigation system. Higher pressure sprinklers that rotate are called rotors and are driven by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism. Rotors can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle. Guns are similar to rotors, except that they generally operate at very high pressures of 40 to 130 lbf/in² (275 to 900 kPa) and flows of 50 to 1200 US gal/min (3 to 76 L/s), usually with nozzle diameters in the range of 0.5 to 1.9 inches (10 to 50 mm). Guns are used not only for irrigation, but also for industrial applications such as dust suppression and logging.

drip irrigation-Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation or localized irrigation, is an irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves

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