The process of watering of crops in the field at different intervals is called irrigation. In india , farmers cannot depend on rain for irrigation because it may not rain when the crops require water. To get a good produce, crops need to be irrigated properly. The time and frequency of irrigation differs from crop to crop and soil to soil. Irrigation helps seeds to germinate. It is also essential for absorption of nutrients by plants from the soil and also essential for the elongation of roots. Water also protect crops from frost and dry hot air currents.
the two methods of irrigation are traditional method and modern method
but sprinkler and drip system conserve water
Sprinkler irrigationIn sprinkler or overhead irrigation, water is piped to one or more central locations within the field and distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or guns. A system utilizing sprinklers, sprays, or guns mounted overhead on permanently installed risers is often referred to as a solid-set irrigation system. Higher pressure sprinklers that rotate are called rotors and are driven by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism. Rotors can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle. Guns are similar to rotors, except that they generally operate at very high pressures of 40 to 130 lbf/in² (275 to 900 kPa) and flows of 50 to 1200 US gal/min (3 to 76 L/s), usually with nozzle diameters in the range of 0.5 to 1.9 inches (10 to 50 mm). Guns are used not only for irrigation, but also for industrial applications such as dust suppression and logging.
drip irrigation-Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation or localized irrigation, is an irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves