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what is power factor in an a.c. circuit?

Hello,

As we know power in an a.c. circuit is given by

P = I2Z cosφ

Here cosφ is called power factor in a.c. circuit.

It comes in role due to the inductor or the capacitor in the circuit. Also reactance depends on the frequency of the input a.c. voltage (or current).

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 The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load over the apparent power in the circuit,[1][2] and is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1 (frequently expressed as a percentage, e.g. 0.5 pf = 50% pf).

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