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 what is  Sandmeyer’s  Reaction ?? Explain..

Sandmeyer’s Reaction is a reaction used for conversion of  diazonium salt to aryl halide.It is applicable to primary aromatic amines.

 

Step 1: preparation of diazonium salt.

 

Step 2: Preparation of aryl halide from diazonium salt.

 

For Cl and Br:

For I:

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Sandmeyer Reaction

The substitution of an aromatic amino group is possible via preparation of its diazonium salt and subsequent displacement with a nucleophile (Cl-, I-, CN-, RS-, HO-). Many Sandmeyer Reactions proceed under copper(I) catalysis, while the Sandmeyer-type reactions with thiols, water and potassium iodide don't require catalysis.

The Sandmeyer Reaction is a very important transformation in aromatic chemistry, because it can result in some substitution patterns that are not achievable by direct substitution.

Fluorination is possible by using the related Schiemann Reaction.

Mechanism of the Sandmeyer Reaction

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