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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry : Important Topics and Tips for Finals
Meritnation|Feb 29th, 2016 10:26am
Students your final exams are just around the corner. Students are busy with their last minute revisions and trying to get the most out of their study hours these days.
But you do not need to panic as out the team of experts at Meritnation has come up with some great insights into each chapter for your Chemistry exam. These key revision points and quick tips will help you prepare intelligently for the exams. Even if you have left out certain chapters for last minute preparations or revisions, these tips will help you get through them better.
RECOMMENDED RESOURCES: Revision Notes | Sample Papers | Textbook Solutions | Ask & Answer
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Chapter 1: Solid State
Important Topics:
1. Number of octahedral voids = Number of atoms and Number of tetrahedral voids = Twice the number of atoms
2. For unit cell dimension the important formula is M = dNaa3/ z
3. Imperfections in solids:
| MERITNATION TIPS: a) Do read the definitions given in the NCERT book for the terms Pseudo solids or Supercooled liquids, isotropic and anisotropic solids, molecular solids, Bravais lattice. b) For predicting formulae of compounds you need to revise the total number of atoms per unit cell. For simple cubic unit cell it is 1, For bcc it is 2 and for fcc it is 4. |
Chapter 2: Solutions
Important Topics:
1. Raoult’s law
2. Dalton’s law of partial pressure
3. Henry’s law
4. Mass % = (Mass of component in solution/ Total mass of the solution) ✕ 100
5. Volume % = (Volume of component in solution/ Total volume of the solution) ✕ 100
6. ppm = (No. of parts of the component/ Total no. of parts of all components of solution) ✕100
7. Mole fraction = No. of moles of component/ Total no. of moles of all components
8. Molarity = (Moles of solute/ volume of solution in litres)
9. Molality = Moles of solute/ Mass of solvent in kg
10. Relative Lowering of vapour pressure
11. Elevation of boiling point
12. Depression of freezing point
13. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
14. Van’t Hoff Factor
15. Important graphs:
Chapter 3: Electrochemistry
Important Topics:
1. Type of cells:
a) Electrochemical cell / Galvanic cell
b) Electrolytic cell
2. Electrode potential
3. Standard electrode potential
4. Anode
5. Cathode
6. Cell potential
7. Cell electromotive force (emf)
8. SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode)
9. Nernst equation
10. Relation between cell potential and Gibbs energy:
11. Relation between equilibrium constant and Gibbs energy
12. Resistance(R)
13. Resistivity
14. Specific conductance/Conductivity
15. Molar conductivity
16. Molar Conductivity for Strong Electrolytes
17. Molar Conductivity for Weak Electrolytes
18. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions
19. Faraday’s law of electrolysis
20. Types of electrodes
a) Inert
b) Active
21. Batteries:
a) Primary
b) Secondary
22. Corrosion
23. Hydrogen Economy
Chapter 4 – Chemical Kinetics
Important Topics:
1. First Order Reaction Kinetics
2. Arrhenius Equation
3. Order and Molecularity
Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry
Important Topics:
1. Distinction between adsorption and absorption
2. Types of Adsorption
3. Freundlich adsorption isotherm
a) Adsorption from Solution Phase
4. Colloids
5. Emulsions
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolations of Elements
Important Topics:
1. Metallurgy
2. Ellingham Diagram
3. Mond process for refining nickel
4. Van Arkel Method for refining zirconium or titanium
Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements
Important Topics:
1. Inert pair effect
2. Disproportionation
3. Non-metallic hydrides
4. Colour of halogen compounds
5. Non-metallic halides
6. Catenation
7. Interhalogen compounds
8. Structures of Oxoacids: Phosphorus and Sulphur
9. Structures of Fluoride: Sulphur, xenon, bromine
10. Basicity of group 15 elements
11. Structures of PCl5, H2SO3, H2SO4, H2S2O8, H2S2O7, HOCl, HClO2, HClO34, N2<O5, XeOF4
Chapter 8: The d- and f-block Elements
Important Topics:
1. d-Block elements
2. f-Block elements
3. Actinoid
4. Lanthanoid Contraction
5. Actinoid Contraction
Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds
Important Topics:
1. Coordination Compounds
2. Coordination Entity
3. Central Atom or Ion
4. Ligands
5. Coordination Number
6. Coordination Sphere
7. Coordination Polyhedron
8. Oxidation Number of Central Atom
9. Homoleptic complexes
10. Heteroleptic complexes
11. Werner’s theory
12. Valence bond theory
13. Crystal-field theory
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(Chapter 10 to Chapter 16)
Important Topics:
1. IUPAC Nomenclature questions
2. Name reactions: Important name reactions which have been asked previously are Sandmeyer reaction, Williamson synthesis, Riemer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe’s reaction, Aldol Condensation, Cannizzaro Reaction, Clemmensen Reduction reaction, Hoffmann Bromamide reaction, Coupling reaction. So,we advise you to revise these reactions.
3. Distinction test: The distinction tests are usually asked between:
4. Aliphatic and aromatic compounds
5. Compounds having two different functional groups
6. Compounds having same functional group but different arrangement of atoms (e.g., 1°, 2°, 3°)
| Steps for attempting these questions: Step – I: See how many marks are allotted to the question. Remember, 1 mark is for 1 test. Step – II: Write the structural formulae of both the compounds. Step – III: See where the two structures differ in. Step – IV: Recall the reactions which you have studied. Step – V: Apply those reactions in the compounds keeping in mind the skeletal structure they differ in. |
7. Conversions: Conversion based questions are surely going to come in exams. Remember there can be multiple steps to reach the final product but the shortest and feasible steps have to be written in the answer-sheet.
(Please note CBSE has yet not asked any conversion which consist of more than 3-steps.)
| Steps for attempting these questions: Step – I: Read the question very carefully. Step – II: Write the starting compound on the left hand side and the final compound on the right hand side. Step – III: See where do the two structure differ in. (They mostly differ either in functional groups, number of carbon atoms or both) Step – IV: Recall the reactions which you have studied. Step – V: Apply those reactions in initial compound so as to reach to the final compound. |
| MERITNATION TIPS: a) Focussing on NCERT questions: The NCERT Part – II comprises of organic chemistry and contributes to 28 marks in the examination. b) An analysis of previous years’ question papers depicts that many questions are asked as it is from the NCERT textbooks. |
RECOMMENDED RESOURCES: Revision Notes | Sample Papers | Textbook Solutions | Ask & Answer
All the best with your final exams!
Please take a moment to spread these tips with your friends. After all, Knowledge is the only thing that grows when shared! 🙂
Add Comment Total Comments (17)
1. Shahzad rana | February 22nd, 2019 at 5:31 pm
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2. amanjot | February 17th, 2019 at 9:51 pm
Tnkuu soo much plzz can u tell separetly main topics of biomolecules polymers and chemistry in everyday life
3. pllavi Sharma | February 6th, 2018 at 6:03 pm
Thnq soooooooo much it’s a beautiful way of help ….
4. krishna yadav | March 24th, 2017 at 9:16 pm
Its really useful
5. Meritnation | March 24th, 2017 at 11:42 am
Hi Laxman,
We wish you All the Best for your remaining exams! 🙂
Team Meritnation
6. Laxman Noatia | March 23rd, 2017 at 6:50 pm
Its very help to to accelerate in short time.Thank you meriynation i follwed it and i have seen its topic and points are Based on the cbse 2017 Question paper.
7. muskan.tyagi | March 20th, 2017 at 10:02 am
thnk uu
8. muskan.tyagi | March 20th, 2017 at 10:01 am
thnk uu
9. Sandhya | March 18th, 2017 at 8:20 am
10. chthra nair | March 17th, 2017 at 7:38 pm
can u pls be more specific regarding organic chemistry ?? n pls seperatley mention the portions for the last 3 chapters : biomolecules ,polymers and chemistry in everyday life as soon as possible.
11. Nikhil Pant | December 23rd, 2016 at 12:11 am
it’s really helpful ..
thankyou so much
12. shabin | March 6th, 2016 at 11:23 pm
is it helpful
13. Neha | March 6th, 2016 at 9:57 pm
Gud
14. Neha | March 6th, 2016 at 9:57 pm
I write foreign gulf board paper can I learn only these topics????
15. Vasanthi | February 28th, 2016 at 11:15 am
Very useful and supportive on examination point of view
16. Sohom Pramanick | February 27th, 2016 at 1:59 pm
THANKS A LOT
17. shreya | February 27th, 2016 at 12:51 am
these are really useful…thanx meritnation..
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