Kinetic Theory
Molecular nature of matter
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Atomic hypothesis: All things are made of atoms − little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are at a little distance apart and repelling when squeezed into one another.
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Atomic theory: Proposed by John Dalton to explain the laws of definite and multiple proportions.
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First law states that any given compound has fixed proportion by mass of its constituents.
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Second law states that when two elements form more than one compound, for a fixed mass of one element, the masses of the other elements are in the ratio of small integers.
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Gay-Lussac’s law: When gases combine chemically to yield another gas, their volumes are in the ratio of small integers.
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Avogadro’s law: Equal volumes of all gases at equal temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules.
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Dalton’s atomic theory is referred to as the molecular theory of matter.
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Atoms in gases are freer than those in liquid and solids.
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Atoms are not elementary; they can be further sub divided into their constituents.
The chain of sub division does not end here.
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Gases at lo…
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