NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Humanities English Chapter 3 - Journey To The End Of The Earth

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Answer:

The main source of gaining trustworthy knowledge of the history of humankind is to study geological phenomena. Millions of years ago, Gondwana, a supercontinent, got divided and consequently structured our globe. The study of the half-million-year-old carbon records that are trapped in its layers of ice has the potential to reveal answers to a lot of questions about the history of humankind. These geological phenomena can help us understand evolution and extinction.

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The ecological balance of the earth has been continuously receiving big setbacks since the evolution of human civilization. With the ever increasing population, the need for natural resources is automatically on a rise. Due to this, climate change is fast setting in. Unchecked burning of fossil fuel has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world. Along with this, the melting of glaciers and the subsequent rise in global warming  may lead to a catastrophe in the near future. The changes in the earth’s environment give indications that we need to change our ways of life before it is too late.

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Antarctica is an isolated island which has a lot to reveal. There are many geological phenomena which tell us a lot about the past, present and future of the planet. One such event was the breaking of the giant southern supercontinent, Gondwana, which gave way to the present globe marked into different continents as well as water bodies. Through this geological history, we can also understand evolution and extinction. The levels of ozone and carbon may reveal what drastic steps need to be taken to maintain a balance. Even the melting glaciers of Antarctica, lead us to the realization of the need to help revert the global warming.

With Antarctica's limited biodiversity, it is easy to see small changes bringing in big consequences. Thus, it can be said that the world's geological history is trapped in Antarctica.

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Geoff Green started the program, Students on Ice, for high school students because he wanted to give them an opportunity to understand and value our planet. Students, being the future generation, need to take a closer look at the depleting environmental situation. They can put in their effort to bring about a change in the outlook of the society. He wanted to give the students hands-on experiences that will enable them to understand and shape the future of the world as policy makers.

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The statement, ‘Take care of the smaller things and the big things will take care of themselves’ has a universal relevance. Although the author has explained it with the example of phytoplankton,  the underlying meaning is that every person can contribute in his own little ways to protect the environment and society. If we take small initiatives like switching off the light when not needed, not using plastic bags, keeping a check on pollution by emitting less carbon dioxide, saving water etc., then the average global temperature will not increase. The glaciers of Antarctica will not melt, and the world may be saved of a possible early end.

Answer:

The continent of Antarctica is full of secrets of the earth's past, present and future. Through the study of this continent, one may understand the reason behind the division of the supercontinent, Gondwana, into the present day globe. Its study may reveal the importance of mountains and rocks like Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields. Antarctica was also the part of the habitat of Dinosaurs in the pre-human earth. The future of the earth is dependent on  its present. In the continent of Antarctica, one can get a clear picture of the consequences of the depletion of the natural resources. The ice-sheets are breaking, and thus, global warming is setting in. Also, the beauty of the existing ice covered oceans is a source of inspiration to do whatever is possible to save and preserve its natural resources. Thus, Antarctica is definitely the place to go to understand the world.