Subject: English, asked on 26/10/20

Subject: English, asked on 25/9/20

Sleep disorders have become common occurrence in India. Forty year old marketing executive Aviral ,early one morning returned to Delhi from New York .He was trying to recover from jet lag and was dead he forced himself to remain awake one whole day, as he thought that he might be able to sleep at night. But this did not happen.” I hardly managed any sleep at night”, Aviral recalled. Next day he felt very uneasy at the office and had difficulty in concentrating on work. On his way back home, he stopped at one of the busy signals on Delhi roads, but due to excessive tiredness fell asleep. He woke up suddenly after the motorist behind him honked. Aviral decided he couldn’t drive any longer and decided to park his car in a quiet place .He took a nap for two hours in his car and only then could manage to drive back home safely. Sleep disorders, experts have pointed out, that lack of sleep is the reason for many ailments. Dr Kumar Menon and his colleagues presented a paper on sleep disorders in Mumbai ,in which they stressed that early detection of the problem is necessary and physicians need to seriously view it as a disorder .They need to evaluate their patients on the basis of sleep history too. Adequate sleep is essential for one’s lifestyle just like diet and exercise. According to Canadian expert on sleep disorders, Dr Jeffery Lipsitz, on an average a healthy adult requires just over 8 hours of sleep at night. However, the amount varies between individuals. Swaroop Chatterjee , 28 year old IIM graduate and assistant manager at BPO in Hyderabad , is deprived of good sleep . Swaroop is completely stressed out due to overburden of work in his professional and personal life and often feels tired. He also knows that it s bad for his health .In a study conducted by sleep disorder expert, it was found that one third of adults have been experiencing sleep disorders .They get less than 7 hours of sleep at night. Another study shows that 29%of Indians went to sleep only after midnight. The survey further mentioned that Indians were among world’s earliest risers .We should remember that “Early to rise “is good, provided that “early to bed “principle is also followed. On the basis of your reading, answer ANY EIGHT OUT OF TEN questions :- 
1. What has become a common problem in our country ? i. Youngsters not visiting doctors for curing sleep ii. Disruptions in sleep pattern iii. No cure for the problem of sleep issues
2. What happened when Aviral could not sleep in night? i. He couldn’t understand the traffic signals ii. He wasn’t in his senses actively iii. He suffered from jet lag
3. What is the view of Dr. Jeffery Lipsitz on sleep disorder? i. Most people can manage without sleep ii. Sleep disruption is no cause for worry iii. Not all individuals need same amount of sleep
4. According to a survey:- i. Indians don’t believe in rising early ii. Most Indians are not taking required sleep iii. None of the above
5. Adequate sleep is important to one’s lifestyle as i. It can lead to diseases ii. It improves our efficiency iii. Both the options
6. What did Dr. Kumar Menon and his colleagues stress on? i. Early detection of the problem is necessary. ii. Physicians need to seriously view it as a disorder . iii. Early detection is important but it isn’t a grave issue.
7. According to the passage, possible reasons for sleep deprivation are :- i. Poor health & depression ii. Increasing age and job iii. Personal and Professional stress
8. How many Indians went to sleep only after midnight i. 40-50 % ii. 20-30% iii. 30-40%
9. The given passage highlights i. The degrading condition of Indians in modern life ii. The rat race to do better in professional life iii. The need for better medical research for sleep issues
10. Which one of the following is true? i. Sleep is a necessary requirement for good health ii. Inadequate sleep can be a cause of worry iii. Both the options

Subject: English, asked on 31/8/20

One morning earlier this month, on the rain-soaked slopes of Mauna Kea in
Hawaii, Wong-Wilson was settled in for the long haul. Wrapped in a trench coat
to keep out the wind and cold, the educator and activist held a meeting amid
camp beds and folding chairs inside a giant tarpaulin-sheltered tent.
Wong-Wilson is a leader of the kia’i, a group of Native Hawaiians who have
been encamped near the volcano’s base since July last year. They
are preventing construction workers from building an enormous telescope
near the summit, on land which the native Hawaiians regard as sacred. The
planned Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) would transform astronomy by peering
into the Universe with sharper vision than nearly any other. But there are
already 13 telescopes atop Mauna Kea, and Hawaiians say that adding the TMT
would be too much.
If project officials cannot work out a way to build the telescope in Hawaii, they
intend to move it to an alternative — but slightly less scientifically compelling
site in Spain’s Canary Islands. Whatever the outcome, the debate over the TMT
is profoundly transforming how astronomy is done in Hawaii. The island
chain — one of the world’s best platforms for stargazing — has become a
testing ground for the ethics of conducting research in a place full of injustice
towards indigenous peoples. “How the Mauna Kea stand-off resolves could affect astronomical research in
other locations and other fields of science around the world”, says Jessica
Dempsey,Deputy Director of the East Asian Observatory, which operates a
telescope on Mauna Kea.
1.3 In what manner, Hawaii island has become a testing ground?
(a) It has added to the injustice towards indigenous people
(b) It is the best place to conduct research
(c) It is testing the patience of scientists
(d) It has set new benchmark for the work ethics

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