1) Explain the Lost wax technique .What were its advantages . ( 3+2 points )

2 ) Give the importance of Kabul . ( 5 points )

3) Give the importance of Surat .( 5 points )

1. Wax technique was a way of making bronze statues in Chola empire. An image was initially made of wax. It was later covered with clay and allowed to dry. Thereafter, it was heated and a tiny hole was made in the clay cover. The molten wax was drained through the hole. Molten metal was poured through the hole, cooled and solidified. The clay cover was then removed and the image was cleaned and polished.

Advantages of lost wax techniques can be explained as follows :- 

  • It gives a proper finishing and accuracy to the object being made. 
  • It is a cost friendly and time saving method.
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Lost wax casting-

Lost-wax castingis the process by which a duplicatemetalsculpture(oftensilver,gold,brassorbronze) iscastfrom an original sculpture. Dependent on the sculptor's skills, intricate works can be achieved by this method.


Advantages of lost wax technique-


1)Complex shapes which are difficult by any other method are possible;

2)Very close tolerances and excellence surface finish can be obtained

3)Ready for use with little or no machining required;

4)Almost any metal can be cast;

5)Noflashorparting lines


Importance of Kabul-


Embraced by the magnificent Hindu Kush mountain range, blessed by a river and gurgling streams, the capital of Afghanistan has been known to turn conquerors into poets and beasts — and shades in between.

Administering his vast kingdom from the hot, dusty plains of what is now India, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, wrote songs of praise to Kabul, even as ambition drove him further south.

Brave British soldiers met their gruesome ends on the ramparts of the Bala Hissar fortress in northern Kabul and corpses of communist apparatchiks have hung from public posts in grisly warnings of what the city has in store for traitors.

With a glorious, ancient legacy that lives to this day, it's little wonder that Kabul, for most Afghans and for the rest of the world, is the heart of Afghanistan and taking Kabul is symbolically, if not geo-politically, tantamount to taking Afghanistan.

"Kabul is the most important place in Afghanistan," said Thomas Goutierre, dean of International Studies and Programs at the University of Nebraska at Omaha and a former resident of Kabul. "Without Kabul, Afghans are like orphans."

Importance of Surat-

Surat is one of Worlds Indias fastest growing cities. Surat is at the heart of Indias thriving diamond-polishing industry, which in 2005 cut 92% of the worlds diamond pieces and earned India $80,00,000 in exports. Gujarati diamond cutters emigrating from East Africa established the industry in 1901 and by the 70s Surat-based diamond cutters began exporting stones to the US for the first time. Though a majority of polishing work takes place on small weight stones,Surats workshops have set their eyes on the lucrative market for finishing larger, pricier stones in the future. It is a major production centre for synthetic textiles in India.

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