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18. Which one of the following is not a fundamental quantity?
(a) Length                  (b) Mass                   (c) Volume                  (d) Time

19. Which one of the following is not a derived quantity
(a) density                 (b) mass                   (c) volume                   (d) speed

Fundamental quantities are independent, that do not have no so called formula.
Eg :- Length, Mass, Time (these do not have formulae)
Derived quantities are depenedent on fundamental quantities. They are brought and derived from the fundamental quantities,
Eg :- Volume (= metre3), density = (mass/volume) etc

So, the answers are :
18. c                    Volume is a derived quantity
19. b                    Mass is independent

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A "fundamental constant" is one that has to be measured by experiment, rather than being derived from any other quantities.

Which values we choose to make "fundamental" and which ones are "derived" are somewhat arbitrary. They depend on how we've chosen to formulate our models. But in general, science is easiest when you pick fundamental values that are as independent of the model as possible. 

For example, we make our fundamental constants dimensionless. That is, they don't have any units attached, since the units are something we pick arbitrarily. The speed of light is not a fundamental constant, since it could be "3x10^8 meters per second or 186,000 miles per second". Neither version is better than the other; meters, miles, and seconds are all abitrary. If we'd picked the units right, it would just be 1, as in "1 light year per year"
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18 c 
19 b
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18 c
19 b
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