22. Name the life cycle stage of malarial parasite that is picked up by the female Anopheles mosquito along with the blood meal. Trace its development in the mosquito’s body till it is ready for release from the body.

When the malarial parasite (Plasmodium strain) is picked up by the mosquito (Female Anopheles) from infected human blood, the parasite life cycle is at the Gametocyte stage. From here, when it enter's the mosquito's body it undergoes a complete chain of events wherein it converts into sporozoite form again, ready to be injected into a fresh healthy human. To understand the complete process let us start from the beginning.
 
Plasmodium is present in the saliva of Female Anopheles mosquito, in the form of Sporozoites. When the mosquito bites a human being, it injects its saliva to prevent the human blood from clotting. This saliva consists of the sporozoites, which upon entrance in the human bloodstream travel straight to the liver and infect the liver cells. 

From here, they multiply in a span of 2 weeks (approx) and produce Merozoites in a large quantity. Merozoites are the type of cells which attack haemoglobin in the RBCs. Thus for their action they leave the liver and enter the bloodstream again. They rapidly multiply in the RBCs causing rupturing of the cells and leading to further spread of merozoites in the cells around. This complete process of generation of new merozoites in the liver and their further multiplication in the RBCs continues for a span of 3 days (approx) causing the symptoms of malaria.
This process of multiplication is the asexual reproduction method in Plasmodium.

BUT, in some cases, the merozoites attack the RBCs and later follow a pathway of sexual reproduction leading to formation of Sexual male and female Gametocytes and releases them in the bloodstream of the infected human. When a new Female anopheles mosquito bites this infected human for a blood meal, it takes up the blood infected with the male and female gametocytes of plasmodium.

In the mosquito body, these gametocytes mature into male and female gametes, which fertilize and form zygotes in the mosquito's gut. These zygotes are further matured into Oocysts. These Oocysts further divide and give rise to thousands of Sporozoites once again in a span of 2 weeks (approx), which travel to the mosquito saliva. Thus when a mosquito bites a new healthy human host for a blood meal, it injects this infected saliva and the cycle starts once again.
 

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