(a) Name the pioneer species on a bare rock.
(b) How do they help in establishing the next type of vegetation ?
(c) Mention the type of climax community that ultimately get established.

Dear Student
a) Lichens
b) Acids secreted by lichens break rocks and convert it into smaller particle making way for next generation species to grow.
c) Pine
Hope this information will clear your doubts about topic.
Regards

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