Ajay takes up a selling job in xyz Ltd company and strives to increase sales whereas Hiran joins a non profit organization and works diligently to realize its objective related to providing employment to specially abled persons. Both of them have to perform a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. On some days, Ajay may spend more time in planning a future display layout and on another day, he may spend time in sorting out an employee’s problem. Both of them make conscious efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among diverse individuals with different needs who work under them. The effect of their management is noticeable in their respective departments as the targets are met according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in its functioning rather than chaos. In context of the above case:a) Identify and explain various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph by quoting lines from it.

Dear student,
Management is the process of planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling an organisation's operations in order to achieve it's goals effectively and efficiently.
The following are the features of management highlighted in the above paragraph by quoting lines from it.
1. Management is a goal oriented process- An organisation has a set of basic goals which are the 
basic reason for its existence. These should be simple and clearly stated. Different organisations have different goals.     
Lines: Ajay takes up a selling job in xyz Ltd company and strives to increase sales whereas Hiran joins a non profit organization and works diligently to realize its objective related to providing employment to specially abled persons. 
2. Management is a continuous process- Process of management is a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions (planning, organising, directing, staffing and controlling). These functions are simultaneously performed by all managers all the time.      
Lines: Both of them have to perform a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. 
3. Management is a group activity- An organisation is a collection of diverse individuals with different needs. Every member of the group has a different purpose for joining the organisation but as members of the organisation they work towards fulfilling the common organisational goal. This requires team work and coordination of individual effort in a common direction.           
Lines: Both of them make conscious efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among diverse individuals with different needs who work under them. 
4. Management is an intangible force- Management is an intangible force that cannot be seen but its presence can be felt in the way the organisation functions. The effect of management is noticeable in an organisation where targets are met according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness instead of chaos.      Lines: The effect of their management is noticeable in their respective departments as the targets are met according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in its functioning rather than chaos.
5. Management is all pervasive- The activities involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organisations whether economic, social or political.    
Lines: Both of them have to perform a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. 
Regards

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