Answer
Each soap molecule has two ends. These are:
- Polar, ionic hydrophilic end (water loving part)
- Non-polar, non-ionic hydrophobic end (water hating part)
Dust or oil are hydrophobic in nature.
Mechanism of cleansing action of soap:
I. Soap gets dissolved in water.
ii. The non-polar ends get directed towards the centre and the polar ends get directed outwards.
iii. A cluster comprising of this arrangement is formed which is known as micelle.
iv. Dirty cloth is put in soap solution.
v. Non-polar end gets attached to the oil or dirt present in the cloth and polar end remain attached to water.
vi. Dirty cloth is agitated in soap solution.
vii. Oily and greasy particles entrapped in soap micelle gets dispersed in water.
vii. Soap water gets dirty and the cloth gets cleaned.
X) Modern periodic table is based on the atomic number so correct option is c) atomic number
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