Article on unemployment.

Such questions need to be attempted on your own to test your creative writing skills. However, these points might help you elaborate:

- Over population, lack of job opportunities, recession and the current slide in economic growth have all led to unemployment.
- The private sector has witnessed 'pink slips' being handed out to many employees.
- Often, well educated and qualified youth are left jobless.
- Unemployment leads to frustration among the youth and can force them to follow the wrong path of crime.
- It leads to further burdening of the national resources and economic downfall of the nation.
- More job opportunities need to be created, offbeat careers should be promoted, the government should utilise the qualified work force in nation building projects.

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Unemployment (or joblessness) occurs when people are without work and actively seeking work.^[1] The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force. During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.^[2] According to International Labour Organization report, more than 197 million people globally are out of work or 6% of the world's workforce were without a job in 2012.^[3]

There remains considerable theoretical debate regarding the causes, consequences and solutions for unemployment. Classical economics, New classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argue that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment. These theories argue against interventions imposed on the labor market from the outside, such as unionization, bureaucratic work rules, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that they claim discourage the hiring of workers.

Keynesian economics emphasizes the cyclical nature of unemployment and recommends government interventions in the economy that it claims will reduce unemployment during recessions. This theory focuses on recurrent shocks that suddenly reduce aggregate demand for goods and services and thus reduce demand for workers. Keynesian models recommend government interventions designed to increase demand for workers; these can include financial stimuli, publicly funded job creation, and expansionist monetary policies. Keynes believed that the root cause of unemployment is the desire of investors to receive more money rather than produce more products, which is not possible without public bodies producing new money.^[4]

In addition to these comprehensive theories of unemployment, there are a few categorizations of unemployment that are used to more precisely model the effects of unemployment within the economic system. The main types of unemployment include structural unemployment which focuses on structural problems in the economy and inefficiencies inherent in labour markets, including a mismatch between the supply and demand of laborers with necessary skill sets. Structural arguments emphasize causes and solutions related to disruptive technologies and globalization. Discussions of frictional unemployment focus on voluntary decisions to work based on each individuals' valuation of their own work and how that compares to current wage rates plus the time and effort required to find a job. Causes and solutions for frictional unemployment often address job entry threshold and wage rates. Behavioral economists highlight individual biases in decision making, and often involve problems and solutions concerning sticky wages and efficiency wages.