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briefly explain me the process of DNA replication, transcription and translation.

Replication - In this process both the strands of DNA seperate and each acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.The interwined strands seperate from a particular point called point of origin.Since thew two strands cannot be separated in its entire length,replication occurs with small openings.A Y-shaped structure is formed called the replicating fork.

Polymerisation of nucleotides takes place only in the 5' ---> 3' direction.So the synthesis of the new daughter strand would be continuous on one strand having polarity 3' ----> 5' (remeber that both the strands should have opposite polarity ) .

On the other strand with polarity 5' ----> 3' the synthesis will be discontnuous,i.e. short stretches of DNA are synthesised (called okazaki fragments).These are later joined together by the enzyme DNA ligase.

 

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Transcription is the process in which genetic information from 1 strand of DNA (template strand with polarity 3' to 5') gets transferred to RNA.This is done by the principle of complimentarity - cytosine with uanine : adenine with uracil (there is no guanine in RNA).

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In translation,t-RNA or adapter molecule binds to a specific amino acid.Its anti codon loop binds to a complimentary codon on the m-RNA.There are many such codons on the entire lenght of m-RNA and thus many t-RNAs can bind to them.The amino acids become joined together by peptide bonds to form a chain of molecules or a polypeptide.

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Replication - In this process both the strands of DNA seperate and each acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.The interwined strands seperate from a particular point called point of origin.Since thew two strands cannot be separated in its entire length,replication occurs with small openings.A Y-shaped structure is formed called the replicating fork.

Polymerisation of nucleotides takes place only in the 5' ---> 3' direction.So the synthesis of the new daughter strand would be continuous on one strand having polarity 3' ----> 5' (remeber that both the strands should have opposite polarity ) .

On the other strand with polarity 5' ----> 3' the synthesis will be discontnuous,i.e. short stretches of DNA are synthesised (called okazaki fragments).These are later joined together by the enzyme DNA ligase.
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Transcription is the process in which genetic information from 1 strand of DNA (template strand with polarity 3' to 5') gets transferred to RNA.This is done by the principle of complimentarity - cytosine with uanine : adenine with uracil (there is no guanine in RNA).
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Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two broad steps. ... The pre-messenger RNA is then "edited" to produce the desired mRNA molecule in a process called RNA splicing.
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