D.12 

Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:

Mahatma Gandhi's thoughts on Satyagraha

It is is said of "passive resistance" that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong.
The movement in South Africa was not passive but active.....

Satyagraha is not  physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction.....In the use of satyagraha there is  no ill-will whatever.'

'Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very  substance of the  soul . That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love..... Non-violence is the supreme dharma.....'
'It  is certain  that India cannot  rival Britain or Europe  in  force of arms. The, British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms, They have made the religion of non -violence their own .....


(12.1) W?hat type of movement Gandhiji organised in South Africa?
(12.2) Why is satyagraha considered  as pure soul-force?
(12.3) How has Gandhiji described passive ressistance?