Dear Sir/Mam please answer to the following questions:- (a.) describe the respiratory organs of nonchordates (b.) What are the similarities between phylum Echinoderrmata and phylum chordata?
Ans 1) Animals belonging to Phyla from Porifera to Echinodermata are non chordates.
Phylum Porifera- The process of respiration is carried out by the cell membrane of the cells of general body surface through the process of diffusion.
Phyum Cnidaria (Coelentrata)- The specialized structures for respiration are absent. It occurs through the general body surface involving diffusion.
Phylum Platyhelminthes- Respiration occur through moist skin involving diffusion. No other specialised respiratory organs are present.
Phylum Platyhelminthes- Respiration occur through skin involving diffusion. No other specialised respiratory organs are present.
Phylum Annelida- The process of respiration is carried out either by skin or gills. Gills are the respiratory organs of aquatic organisms that extract oxygen dissolved in water for breathing. They consist of filamentous structures of vascular membranes.
Phylum Arthropoda - Different arthropods have different respiratory organs like – gills/book gills/ book lungs/ tracheal system. Insects respire through tracheal system. Tracheal system consists of a network of air tubes called tracheae that open outside through pairs of small holes present on the sides of the body. Oxygen rich air rushes through pores into the tracheal tubes, diffuses into the body tissue, and reaches every cell of the body. Similarly, carbon dioxide from the cells goes into the tracheal tubes and moves out through pores.
Phylum Mollusca- Different modes of respiration are present in the molluscan like skin, gills or pulmonary sac.
Phylum Echinodermata
One of the most characteristic feature of echinoderms is the presence of water vascular system. This system helps in respiration along with other functions.It is a type of water driven tube system. These animals have appendages called tube feet which are connected by fluid filled canals that help in gaseous exchange, feeding and locomotion.
Ans 2)
Phylum Porifera- The process of respiration is carried out by the cell membrane of the cells of general body surface through the process of diffusion.
Phyum Cnidaria (Coelentrata)- The specialized structures for respiration are absent. It occurs through the general body surface involving diffusion.
Phylum Platyhelminthes- Respiration occur through moist skin involving diffusion. No other specialised respiratory organs are present.
Phylum Platyhelminthes- Respiration occur through skin involving diffusion. No other specialised respiratory organs are present.
Phylum Annelida- The process of respiration is carried out either by skin or gills. Gills are the respiratory organs of aquatic organisms that extract oxygen dissolved in water for breathing. They consist of filamentous structures of vascular membranes.
Phylum Arthropoda - Different arthropods have different respiratory organs like – gills/book gills/ book lungs/ tracheal system. Insects respire through tracheal system. Tracheal system consists of a network of air tubes called tracheae that open outside through pairs of small holes present on the sides of the body. Oxygen rich air rushes through pores into the tracheal tubes, diffuses into the body tissue, and reaches every cell of the body. Similarly, carbon dioxide from the cells goes into the tracheal tubes and moves out through pores.
Phylum Mollusca- Different modes of respiration are present in the molluscan like skin, gills or pulmonary sac.
Phylum Echinodermata
One of the most characteristic feature of echinoderms is the presence of water vascular system. This system helps in respiration along with other functions.It is a type of water driven tube system. These animals have appendages called tube feet which are connected by fluid filled canals that help in gaseous exchange, feeding and locomotion.
Ans 2)
| Phylum Echinodermata |
Phylum Chordata |
| This phylum contains the groups of animals under non-chordates and so they do not have notochord. Notochord is a rod-like structure that separates the nervous system from the gut and also acts as a support. | This phylum contains the big group of animals that contain notochord. |
| Echinoderms in the larval stage have bilateral symmetry and as adults, they have radial symmetry. | They have bilaterally symmetrical body. |
| They have a ventral nerve cord. | They have a dorsal nerve cord. |
| Their central nervous system is ventral, solid and double. | Their central nervous system is dorsal, hollow and single. |
| They do not have have paired gill pouches. | They have paired gill pouches. |