Define Global Warming?

Global Warming is defined as an increase of the average temperature on Earth.

As the Earth is getting hotter, disasters like hurricanes, drought & floods are becoming more frequent.

Global warming is the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, and a probable expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events includingheatwaves, droughts and heavy rainfall events, species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes, and changes in agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional changes is uncertain. In a 4 °C world, the limits for human adaptation are likely to be exceeded in many parts of the world, while the limits for adaptation for natural systems would largely be exceeded throughout the world. Hence, the ecosystem services upon which human livelihoods depend would not be preserved.

Proposed responses to global warming include mitigation to reduce emissions, adaptation to the effects of global warming, and geoengineeringto remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or reflect incoming solar radiation back to space. The main international mitigation effort is the Kyoto Protocol, which seeks to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration to prevent a "dangerous anthropogenic interference". As of May 2010, 192 states had ratified the protocol.The only members of the UNFCCC that were asked to sign the treaty but have not yet ratified it are the USA and Afghanistan.

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Global warming is the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is caused by increased concentrations of green house in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.This finding is recognized by the national science academies of all the major industrialized countries and is not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.

The instrumental temperature record shows that the average global surface temperature increased by 0.74 °C (1.33 °F) during the 20th century.^[6] Climate model projections are summarized in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). They indicate that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.5 to 1.9 °C (2.7 to 3.4 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario and 3.4 to 6.1 °C (6.1 to 11 °F) for their highest.^[7] The ranges of these estimates arise from the use of models with differing sensitivity to greenhouse gas concentrations.^[8]^[9]

An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, and a probable expansion of subtropical deserts.^[10] Warming is expected to be strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the warming include more frequent occurrence of extreme weather events including heatwaves, droughts and heavy rainfall events, species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes, and changes in agricultural yields. Warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe, though the nature of these regional changes is uncertain.^[11] In a 4 °C world, the limits for human adaptation are likely to be exceeded in many parts of the world, while the limits for adaptation for natural systems would largely be exceeded throughout the world. Hence, the ecosystem services upon which human livelihoods depend would not be preserved.^[12]

Proposed responses to global warming include mitigation to reduce emissions, adaptation to the effects of global warming, and geoengineering to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or reflect incoming solar radiation back to space. The main international mitigation effort is the Kyoto Protocol, which seeks to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration to prevent a "dangerous anthropogenic interference".^[13] As of May 2010, 192 states had ratified the protocol.^[14] The only members of the UNFCCC that were asked to sign the treaty but have not yet ratified it are the USA and Afghanistanv

A phenomenon (otherwise known as ‘climate change’ or ‘the greenhouse effect’) whereby solar radiation that has reflected back off the surface of the earth remains trapped at atmospheric levels, due to the build-up of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases, rather than being emitted back into space. The effect of this is a warming of the global atmosphere.

Climate change is a long-standing phenomenon, as the mix of the various gases that make up the earth's atmosphere have changed over long periods of time, so average global temperatures have fluctuated. What is alleged to be different about the current spell of global warming is that it is taken to be (1) caused by human action and (2) occurring at an unprecedented rate. The consequences of global warming remain uncertain, but climate change models predict deforestation, desertification, a poleward shift of vegetation and animal populations, rising sea levels, and decreased precipitation.

Global warming has received increasing political attention over the past thirty years, having constituted one of the key themes in the rise of green politics over the same period. This increasing political salience resulted in an intergovernmental meeting in Kyoto in 1997, at which 38 industrialized countries signed up to the Kyoto Protocol. The terms of this agreement were that these nations would reduce their atmospheric emissions of CO₂ by an average of 5.2 per cent from 1990 levels by 2012. This is well below the 60 per cent target that scientists working on climate change claim is necessary to present further global warming, but the agreement was seen by many campaigners as a useful first step that established the framework necessary for further cuts in the future. The Kyoto Protocol will not, however, become effective until it has been ratified by 55 per cent of the signatory nations, and only then if these nations contribute 55 per cent or more of global carbon emissions.

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Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.^[2]^[3] Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming.^[4]^[5]^[6] Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans. The rest has melted ice and warmed the continents and atmosphere.^[7]^[a] Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years.^[8]

Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014, that "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century." ^[9] Human activities have led to carbon dioxide concentrations above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years. Currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere. The rest is absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.^[10] Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for the highest emissions scenario.^[11]These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations^[12]^[b] and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.^[14]

Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe.^[15]^[16] Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics.^[17] Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall with floods and heavy snowfall;^[18] ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to rising sea levels.^[19]^[20] Because the climate system has a large "inertia" and greenhouse gases will stay in the atmosphere for a long time, many of these effects will not only exist for decades or centuries, but will persist for tens of thousands of years.^[21]

Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),^[22] whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change.^[23] Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required^[24] and that global warming should be limited to well below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to pre-industrial levels,^[c] with efforts made to limit warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).^[26]

Public reactions to global warming and concern about its effects are also increasing. A global 2015 Pew Research Center report showed a median of 54% consider it "a very serious problem". There are significant regional differences, with Americans and Chinese (whose economies are responsible for the greatest annual CO₂ emissions) among the least concerned.^[27]

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Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.[8][9] Global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably.[10] But, more accurately, global warming is the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation,[11] while climate change includes both global warming and its effects, such as changes in precipitation.[12] While there have been prehistoric periods of global warming,[13] many observed changes since the mid-20th century have been unprecedented over decades to millennia.[8][14]

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report concluded, "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century".[15] The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations[16][17] and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.[18][19] With current policies and pledges, global warming by the end of the century is expected to be around 3 ?C (just over 2 ?C to 4 ?C, depending on climate sensitivity).[20] The IPCC has stressed the need to keep global warming below 1.5 ?C compared to pre-industrial levels to avoid irreversible impacts.[21] The remaining carbon budget for staying below 1.5?C with a twothirds chance would be exhausted in 2028 if emissions remained on the current level of 42 GtCO
2 per year.[22][23]

The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts.[24] Ocean acidification is also caused by greenhouse gas emissions and is commonly grouped with these effects even though it is not driven by temperature. Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which have contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice. Overall, higher temperatures bring more rain and snowfall, but for some regions droughts and wildfires increase instead.[25] Climate change threatens to diminish crop yields, harming food security, and rising sea levels may flood coastal infrastructure and force the abandonment of many coastal cities.[26] Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change, most immediately in coral reefs, mountains, and the Arctic.[27]

Societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, and possibly climate engineering. Countries work together on climate change under the umbrella of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force in 1994 and has near-universal membership. The ultimate goal of the convention is to "prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system".[28] Although the parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required[29] and that global warming should be limited to well below 2 ?C (3.6 ?F) in the Paris Agreement of 2016,[30] the Earth's average surface temperature has already increased by about half this threshold[31] and current pledges by countries to cut emissions are inadequate to limit future warming.[32